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We then illustrate each of these postulates with examples drawn from fragmented woodlands in agricultural areas of south\u2010eastern Australia, and discuss these findings in an international context. Location examples are drawn from agricultural areas in south\u2010eastern Australia.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> We conclude that there is limited potential to refine our understanding of patterns of biodiversity in human\u2010modified landscapes based on traditional concepts of island biogeography, or simple assumptions of ongoing destruction and degradation. Instead, we propose that in agricultural landscapes that were largely cleared over a century ago: (1) present\u2010day remnant vegetation patterns are not accidental, but are logically arrayed due to historic land\u2010use decisions, (2) historic anthropogenic disturbances have a major influence on current ecosystem conditions and diversity patterns, and (3) the condition of remnant ecosystems is not necessarily deteriorating rapidly.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Main conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold> An historical ecology approach can enhance our understanding of why different species and ecosystem states occur where they do, and can explain internal variations in ecological conditions within remnant ecosystems, too often casually attributed to the \u2018mess of history\u2019. This framework emphasizes temporal changes (both past and future) in biotic patterns and processes in fragmented agricultural landscapes. Integration of spatially and temporally explicit historical land\u2010use information into ecological studies can prove extremely useful to test hypotheses of the effects of changes in landscape processes, and to enhance future research, restoration and conservation management activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2005.01296.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,10]],"date-time":"2005-10-10T16:14:23Z","timestamp":1128960863000},"page":"1859-1873","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Using historical ecology to understand patterns of biodiversity in fragmented agricultural landscapes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Ian D.","family":"Lunt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Spooner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"109","volume-title":"A history of Australasian vegetation","author":"Adamson D.A.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9993.2002.01225.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-003-1420-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Forest history projects for State Forests of New South Wales. 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