{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T20:37:42Z","timestamp":1793824662161,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,25]],"date-time":"2007-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim.\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    This research was conducted as a descriptive and cross\u2010sectional study with the purpose of determining the mobbing experienced by nurses who work in healthcare facilities in Turkey, its emotional, social and physiological effects on the nurses and the actions that the individuals take to escape from the mobbing.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background.\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The term \u2018mobbing\u2019, which includes workplace terrorizing, pressure, frightening, belittling and psycho\u2010terror, is defined as the presence of systematic, directed, unethical communication and antagonistic behaviour by one or more individuals. These actions that occur frequently and continue for a long time are the most serious and effective causes of workplace stress. The person who is the target of the mobbing is left without help, without protection and alone in the workplace. Individuals who are exposed to psychological abuse experience physiological, psychological and social problems that are related to high levels of stress and anxiety.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design and method.\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The research participants were 505 nurses of whom 325 (64%) worked in public and 180 (36%) in private hospitals. All of the participants were female. A questionnaire developed by the researchers in the light of information in the literature was used for data collection and had four sections including the participants\u2019 demographic characteristics and questions asking about mobbing behaviours, reaction to mobbing incidents and actions taken to escape from the mobbing. The data were collected between October and December 2005 by giving an envelope to the participants and then collecting the responses in the closed envelope.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Findings.\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The overwhelming majority (86\u00b75%) of the nurses participating in the research reported facing mobbing behaviour in the workplace in the last 12\u2003months. The nurses working at private hospitals faced statistically significantly more mobbing behaviours than those at public hospitals (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003\u2264\u20030\u00b702). It was determined that the nurses who faced mobbing behaviours gave various physiological, emotional and social reactions to these incidents. The most common behaviours exhibited by the participants to escape mobbing was \u2018to work harder and be more organized\u2019 and \u2018to work more carefully to avoid criticism\u2019. In addition 10% of the participants stated that they \u2018consider committing suicide sometimes.\u2019\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Relevance to clinical practice.\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Mobbing behaviours in the workplace need to be defined and appropriate policies and procedures need to be developed and shared with all employees to prevent the development of these behaviours. In addition, managers should adopt an open managerial approach to prevent the development of these behaviours.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2006.01814.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,26]],"date-time":"2007-07-26T00:01:46Z","timestamp":1185408106000},"page":"1444-1453","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["Mobbing in the workplace by peers and managers: mobbing experienced by nurses working in healthcare facilities in Turkey and its effect on nurses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Aytolan","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilek","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Bullying at Work: How to Confort and Overcome it","author":"Adams A","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"A\u0130B\u00dc T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi Hastanesinde g\u00f6rev yapan hem\u015firelerin sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 ve ya\u015fam al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi (Evaluation of health problems and life habits of nurses working in a hospital)","volume":"4","author":"Al\u00e7elik A","year":"2005","journal-title":"TSK Koruyucu Hekimlik B\u00fclteni"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2004.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"Abuse in the Workplace: Management Remedies and Bottom Line Impact","author":"Bassman ES","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2005.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(01)00490-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"The Harasshed Worker","author":"Brodsky C","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(00)00034-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Verbal abuse in nursing: report of a study","volume":"18","author":"Cox HC","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nursing Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Mobbing: Emotional Abuse in the American Workplace","author":"Davenport N","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019394599101300107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(98)00043-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"563","article-title":"Bullying at work: bullying, burnout and well\u2010being among assistant nurses","volume":"14","author":"Einarsen S","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Health Safety"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-4491-1-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2004.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2005.06.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0966-0429.2001.00262.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.5.2.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13594329608414853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"761","article-title":"Mobbing pa arbeidsplassen","volume":"26","author":"Matthiesen SB","year":"1989","journal-title":"Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","volume-title":"Occupational Violence Types, Reporting Patterns and Variations Between Health Sectors. 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