{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T08:40:54Z","timestamp":1693557654821},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15-16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,13]],"date-time":"2012-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1342137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Aims and objectives.\u2002<\/jats:bold> To test a staged theoretical model designed to explain causal relationships affecting the quality of life (QOL) of middle\u2010aged Korean women suffering from Hwa\u2010Byung (HB).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Background.\u2002<\/jats:bold> The model contains three stages comprised of antecedents (stage 1), perception (stage 2) and outcome variable (stage 3). Stage 1 contains individual characteristic and emotional distress variables. In stage 2, the perception variable is depression (DEP). In stage 3, the outcome factor is QOL.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design.\u2002<\/jats:bold> A cross\u2010sectional, descriptive design was used.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods.\u2002<\/jats:bold> A convenience sample of 135 community dwelling middle\u2010aged women was recruited over a five\u2010month period in the neuropsychology outpatient clinic at an Oriental hospital in Korea. The instruments were the Korean version of WHO Quality of Life\u2010BREF (WHOQOL\u2010BREF), Korean version of State\u2010Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI\u2010K), The Korean version of State\u2010Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI\u2010K) and Korean version of Beck Depression Inventory (K\u2010BDI).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results.\u2002<\/jats:bold> Forty\u2010five per cent of the variance in the QOL of women with HB was explained by the direct effect of depression (\u03b2\u2003=\u2003\u22120\u00b7356, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030\u00b7000) and trait anxiety (\u03b2\u2003=\u2003\u22120\u00b7324, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030\u00b7001). State anger (\u03b2\u2003=\u20030\u00b7429, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030\u00b7000) and spouse (\u03b2\u2003=\u2003\u22120\u00b7180, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030\u00b7021) explained 45\u00b70% of the variance in (of) depression.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion.\u2002<\/jats:bold> The findings showed that depression mediates the relationship between the emotional distress and QOL as a negative outcome.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Relevance to clinical practice.\u2002<\/jats:bold> These relationships can guide researchers and psychiatric mental health nurses to understand depression as a mediating factor and to develop nursing interventions to improve QOL of HB women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2012.04191.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,13]],"date-time":"2012-07-13T21:12:05Z","timestamp":1342213925000},"page":"2377-2385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Factors affecting the quality of 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