{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T05:11:37Z","timestamp":1696569097846},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15-16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,28]],"date-time":"2012-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the relationship between perinatal brain injury, visual motor function (VMF) and poor school outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about the status and underlying mechanism of poor school outcome as experienced by low birth weight survivors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a secondary data analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The parental study recruited 1104 low birth weight (LBW) infants weighing\u00a0<jats:styled-content>\u2264<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a02000\u00a0g from three medical centres of Central New Jersey between 1984 and 1987. Seven hundred and seventy\u2010seven infants survived the neonatal period, and their developmental outcomes had been following up regularly until now. The development data of the survivors were used to achieve the research aims. Initial school outcome assessment was carried out in 9\u2010year\u2010old, using the Woodcock\u2010Johnson Academic Achievement Scale. The severity and range of perinatal brain injury was determined by repeated neonatal cranial ultrasound results obtained at 4 hours, 24\u00a0hours and 7\u00a0days of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventeen and a half per cent of the sample experienced poor school performance at age 9 as defined by lower than one standard deviation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>) of average performance score. Children with the most severe injury, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PL<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VE<\/jats:styled-content>, had the lowest mathematics (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a014\u00b754, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7000) and reading (<jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc> results: <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a011\u00b756, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7000) performances. Visual motor function had a significant effect on children's overall school performance (Hotelling's trace value was 0\u00b7028, <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03\u00b7414, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7018), as well as subtest scores for reading (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7006) and mathematics (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0\u00b7036). However, visual motor function was not a mediator in the association of perinatal brain injury and school outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Perinatal brain injury had a significant long\u2010term effect on school outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low birth weight infants with history of perinatal brain injury need be closely monitored to substantially reduce the rates of poor school outcome and other neurodevelopmental disabilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2012.04328.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,28]],"date-time":"2012-12-28T10:08:27Z","timestamp":1356689307000},"page":"2225-2232","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Perinatal brain injury, visual motor function and poor school outcome of regional low birth weight survivors at age nine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE School of Nursing Wuhan University HOPE Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley Darcy","family":"Mahoney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A","family":"Pinto\u2010Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences Philadelphia PA USA"},{"name":"Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities Research and Epidemiology Philadelphia PA USA"},{"name":"Master of Public Health Program Philadelphia PA USA"},{"name":"School of Nursing and School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e3282f88bb4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Multiple Regression: A Primer","author":"Allison PD","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181c1b176"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OPX.0000153266.50875.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.6.728"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2002.00039.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2000.00276.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2004.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.60.1.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn268"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1352"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.6.615"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010856"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00223-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1708"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.1.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91673-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"473","volume-title":"Ultrasonography of The Prenatal and Neonatal Brain","author":"Manco\u2010Johnson ML","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"371","volume-title":"Reproductive and Perinatal Epidemiology","author":"Paneth N","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"PAR(2004)Beery\u2010Buktenica Development Test of Visual\u2010Motor Integration. 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