{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T13:16:45Z","timestamp":1773753405833,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,28]],"date-time":"2004-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1085702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Following a natural outbreak of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) at a commercial farm in Norway, surviving Atlantic halibut, <jats:italic>Hippoglossus hippoglossus<\/jats:italic>, were sequentially studied for distribution of nodavirus, immune response and histopathology over 1\u2003year. Typical clinical signs and histopathology of VER were observed during the acute stage of the disease. Most of the surviving fish became subclinical carriers of nodavirus with clusters of nodavirus\u2010containing cells in the central nervous system. Four random samplings of presumably healthy fish were performed from two fish groups, with low and high growth rates respectively, over a 7\u2010month period. Immunohistochemical (IHC) examination revealed a higher number of nodavirus\u2010positive cells in fish with a low growth rate than in fish with a high growth rate. All IHC positive fish were also reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR) positive for nodavirus and for nodavirus antibodies detected by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at all sampling points. The percentage of PCR\u2010 and ELISA\u2010positive fish remained high throughout the year, while the number of IHC\u2010positive fish decreased, especially in the group with a high growth rate. Several other histopathological changes were observed, including pericarditis, steatitis, changes in liver and kidney, and necrosis of the intestinal wall. None of these findings seemed to be related to the nodavirus infection. Nodavirus was reisolated in cell culture from subclinically infected fish one\u2003year after the acute VER outbreak, which indicates that the virus was still infectious.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2004.00548.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,28]],"date-time":"2004-05-28T13:08:43Z","timestamp":1085749723000},"page":"327-341","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["A sequential study of pathological findings in Atlantic halibut, <i>Hippoglossus hippoglossus<\/i> (L.), throughout one\u2003year after an acute outbreak of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Johansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Grove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A K","family":"Svendsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Modahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Dannevig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_1","first-page":"196","article-title":"The phylogenetic relationship of nervous necrosis virus from halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus)","volume":"19","author":"Aspehaug V.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2761.2003.00458.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_4_1","volume-title":"Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques","author":"Bancroft J.D.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao049099"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao041123"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_7_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Detection of serum antibodies against nodavirus in wild and farmed adult sea bass: application to the screening of broodstock in sea bass hatcheries","volume":"20","author":"Breuil G.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2761.2002.00406.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_9_1","volume-title":"Virus Taxonomy","author":"Carstens E.B.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao047033"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao055221"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao043183"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao026125"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_14_1","volume-title":"Systemic Pathology of Fish","author":"Ferguson H.W.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-77-9-2067"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_16_1","unstructured":"GlazebrookJ.S.(1995)Disease Risks Associated with Translocation of a Virus Lethal for Barramundi(Lates calcarifer). 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