{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T15:20:59Z","timestamp":1782746459315,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Challenge methods for inducing nocardiosis, caused by <jats:italic>Nocardia seriolae<\/jats:italic> in yellowtail, <jats:italic>Seriola quinqueradiata<\/jats:italic>, were evaluated. The first method involved intraperitoneal injection of 1.1\u2003\u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, \u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> and \u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\u2003cfu of <jats:italic>N.\u00a0seriolae<\/jats:italic>; the second was by bath immersion with three different concentrations of bacterial suspension for 10\u2003min; the third was by intradermal injection using a multipuncture device; the fourth was by oral administration using a tube; the fifth was based on the co\u2010habitation of uninfected fish with others that had been artificially infected, i.e. intraperitoneally or by immersion for 10\u2003min. The LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values for the infection trials were 1.9\u2003\u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (intraperitoneal injection), 1.5\u2003\u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (immersion), 4.3\u2003\u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> (intradermal injection) and 1.7\u2003\u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup> (oral administration). In the co\u2010habitation challenge, mortalities were 70% and 50% in groups of non\u2010infected fish mixed with fish infected by the i.p. injection and immersion methods, respectively. Fish challenged by intraperitoneal injection developed adhesions. Fish challenged by other methods did not show any gross clinical signs and moribund fish were similar to natural infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2006.00748.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,11]],"date-time":"2006-09-11T12:12:26Z","timestamp":1157976746000},"page":"529-534","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Experimental induction of nocardiosis in yellowtail, <i>Seriola quinqueradiata<\/i> Temminck &amp; Schlegel by artificial challenge"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"T","family":"Itano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Kono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"Bacterial Fish Pathogens; Disease of Farmed and Wild Fish","author":"Austin B.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2761.2000.00217.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.37.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01863914"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.3.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.3.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-38-2-173"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.13.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.30.247"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.38.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00291-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2761.2006.00748.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2006.00748.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T11:27:13Z","timestamp":1697110033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2006.00748.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2006.00748.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2006.00748.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-7775","1365-2761"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-7775","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2761","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}}}