{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T06:55:43Z","timestamp":1769842543377,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,15]],"date-time":"2012-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fish Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The complete cDNA sequence of the Nile tilapia T\u2010cell receptor (TCR) \u03b2 chain was cloned using 5\u2032 RACE. The full\u2010length, 1263\u2010bp cDNA contained a 942\u2010bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 314\u2010amino\u2010acid protein. Sequence analyses revealed that the Nile tilapia TCR \u03b2 chain contains four conserved cysteine residues involved in the formation of disulphide bridges and a conserved amino acid motif believed to be important for assembly and signalling of the TCR \u03b1\u03b2\/CD3 complex, both of which are normally found in the TCR \u03b2 chain of other vertebrates. As detected using semi\u2010quantitative and quantitative RT\u2010PCR, the highest expression level of TCR \u03b2 was detected in the thymus. Interestingly, <jats:italic>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:italic> significantly induced the up\u2010regulation of the TCR \u03b2 chain, and the strongest up\u2010regulation was detected in the brain and peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs). In <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments, concanavalin A and <jats:italic>Aeromonas hydrophila<\/jats:italic> were found to significantly increase the expression of the TCR \u03b2 chain in PBLs after 48\u2003h (<jats:italic>P\u2003<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u2003<\/jats:italic>0.01) and 72\u2003h (<jats:italic>P\u2003<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u2003<\/jats:italic>0.05), respectively. Furthermore, real\u2010time PCR analysis showed that intraperitoneal injection (IP) of 10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\u2003cfu\u2003mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> of <jats:italic>S.\u00a0agalactiae<\/jats:italic> could induce TCR \u03b2 expression that was greater than the expression observed following administration of 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u2003cfu\u2003mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. The presence of the TCR \u03b2 chain in fish detected in this study suggests the presence of T\u2010cell populations that have been found in higher vertebrates, which may play a crucial functional role in the response to fish pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2012.01353.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,15]],"date-time":"2012-03-15T06:50:23Z","timestamp":1331794223000},"page":"343-358","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Molecular characterization and increased expression of the Nile tilapia, <i>Oreochromis niloticus<\/i> (L.), T\u2010cell receptor beta chain in response to <i>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/i> 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