{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:55:36Z","timestamp":1791122136317,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,11]],"date-time":"2004-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1092182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\u2003<\/jats:bold> Dementia because of Alzheimer's disease (AD) commonly affects older adults with Down's syndrome (DS). Methods are needed, with established concurrent and predictive validity, to facilitate the diagnostic assessment of dementia, when it is complicated by pre\u2010existing intellectual disabilities (ID). We report on the reliability and validity of a modified version of the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly (CAMDEX) informant interview, for use when assessing people with DS suspected as having dementia.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2003<\/jats:bold> As part of a previous epidemiological study of older people with DS, the CAMDEX informant interview was used to determine the prevalence of dementia. The 74 people with DS included at that time (Time 1) had also completed the Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG), the neuropsychological assessment from the CAMDEX schedule. Fifty\u2010six were assessed again 6\u2003years later (Time 2). Based on the CAMDEX informant interview, nine of the 74 at Time 1, and 11 of the 56 at Time 2, were found to meet clinical criteria for AD. Forty\u2010one scored above floor on the CAMCOG at Time 1 and were included in the analysis of cognitive decline. Concurrent validity was established by comparing diagnosis at Time 2 with independent evidence of objective decline on cognitive tasks since Time 1. Predictive validity was established by examining how accurately diagnosis at Time 1 predicted both cognitive decline and future diagnosis. Inter\u2010rater reliability was determined by comparing the level of agreement between two raters.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2003<\/jats:bold> CAMDEX\u2010based diagnosis of AD was shown to be consistent with objectively observed cognitive decline (good concurrent validity) and to be a good predictor of future diagnosis. Although numbers are small, some support is also provided for the accuracy with which diagnosis predicts cognitive decline. Inter\u2010rater reliability was good with Kappa\u2003&gt;\u20030.8 for 91% of items and &gt;\u200a0.6 for all items.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2003<\/jats:bold> The use of the modified CAMDEX informant interview enables the structured collection of diagnostic information, so that a valid and a reliable diagnosis of dementia can be made in those with pre\u2010existing ID, using established diagnostic criteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2004.00630.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,11]],"date-time":"2004-08-11T08:25:20Z","timestamp":1092212720000},"page":"611-620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["The modified CAMDEX informant interview is a valid and reliable tool for use in the diagnosis of dementia in adults with Down's syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"S. L.","family":"Ball","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. A.","family":"Huppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Treppner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder.","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.1997.tb00692.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.1999.043005400.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00532.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"Dementia Scale for Down's Syndrome.","author":"Gedye A.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2000.00263.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.172.6.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466599162719"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13825589608256624"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000017023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"RothM. 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MountjoyC.&TymE.(1998)CAMDEX\u2010R:The Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorder of the Elderly(Revised Edition).Cambridge University Press Cambridge."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"CAMDEX: The Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly.","author":"Roth M.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.149.6.698"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1927.10502953"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","volume-title":"ICD\u201010: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems.","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1992"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intellectual Disability Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2788.2004.00630.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2004.00630.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T09:37:06Z","timestamp":1697362626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2004.00630.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,11]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2004.00630.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2004.00630.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-2633","1365-2788"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-2633","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2788","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-08-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}