{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:24:45Z","timestamp":1790249085404,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,13]],"date-time":"2007-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1186963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\u2003<\/jats:bold> While there is considerable literature on adults with Down syndrome who have dementia, there is little published on the epidemiology of other types of mental ill\u2010health in this population.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method\u2003<\/jats:bold> Longitudinal cohort study of adults with Down syndrome who received detailed psychiatric assessment (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u2003186 at the first time point; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u2003134 at the second time point, 2\u2003years later).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2003<\/jats:bold> The prevalence of Down syndrome for the 16\u2003years and over population was 5.9 per 10\u2003000 general population. Point prevalence of mental ill\u2010health of any type, excluding specific phobias, was 23.7% by clinical, 19.9% by Diagnostic Criteria for Psychiatric Disorders for use with Adults with Learning Disabilities\/Mental Retardation (DC\u2010LD), 11.3% by ICD\u201010 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Research (DCR\u2010ICD\u201010) and 10.8% by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Revised (DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR) criteria. Two\u2010year incidence of mental ill\u2010health of any type was 14.9% by clinical and DC\u2010LD, 9.0% by DCR\u2010ICD\u201010 and 3.7% by DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR criteria. The highest incidence was for depressive episode (5.2%) and dementia\/delirium (5.2%). Compared with persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) of all causes, the standardized rate for prevalence of mental ill\u2010health was 0.6 (0.4\u20130.8), or 0.4 (0.3\u20130.6) if organic disorders are excluded, and the standardized incidence ratio for mental ill\u2010health was 0.9 (0.6\u20131.4), or 0.7 (0.4\u20131.2) if organic disorders are excluded. Urinary incontinence was independently associated with mental ill\u2010health, whereas other personal factors, lifestyle and supports, and other types of health needs and disabilities were not.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2003<\/jats:bold> Mental ill\u2010health is less prevalent in adults with Down syndrome than for other adults with ID. The pattern of associated factors differs from that is found for other adults with ID, with few associations found. This suggests that the protection against mental ill\u2010health is biologically determined in this population, or that there are other factors protective for mental ill\u2010health yet to be identified for the population with Down syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2007.00985.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,16]],"date-time":"2007-08-16T20:23:36Z","timestamp":1187295816000},"page":"141-155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["The prevalence and incidence of mental ill\u2010health in adults with Down syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Mantry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.\u2010A.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Smiley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Finlayson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2003.00463.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckl103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.172.1.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.161.5.671"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.170.4.375"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.162.6.739"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Mental ill\u2010health in adults with intellectual disabilities: prevalence and associated factors","volume":"190","author":"Cooper S.\u2010A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"British Journal of"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"An epidemiological investigation of affective disorders with a population\u2010based cohort of 1023 adults with intellectual disabilities","volume":"5","author":"Cooper S.\u2010A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Implementing Partnership for Health: Piloting Health Checks for People with Learning Disabilities in Glasgow \u2013 Final Report.","author":"Curtice L.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04699.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.149.1.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","volume-title":"The C21st Health Check","author":"Glasgow U. 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