{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T11:04:19Z","timestamp":1761217459934},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,5]],"date-time":"2011-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background\u2003<\/jats:bold> This was a quantitative study to measure the prevalence low self\u2010esteem in an intellectually disabled forensic population. The dependent variables used were the adapted six\u2010item Rosenberg Self\u2010Esteem Scale and the adapted Evaluative Beliefs Scale. It had a repeated measures design with independent variables including consideration of differences between the low and medium secure parts of the service, the influences of types of offences and the effects of disrupted childhood attachments.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2003<\/jats:bold> Forty\u2010four male clients, with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities, were recruited. Data were collected by one key researcher during individual research interviews using the two structured instruments to measure self\u2010esteem. Further data were then obtained from routinely recorded clinical information held on the hospital computer system.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2003<\/jats:bold> Unexpectedly, the majority of clients scored as having moderate or high self\u2010esteem on both self\u2010esteem measures. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the two scales. In all, 64% of the population studied had committed either sexual offences or fire setting offences. Contrary to expectation, those who had evidence of disrupted attachments had slightly higher self\u2010esteem than those who had not experienced disrupted attachments.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2003<\/jats:bold> Self\u2010esteem is a complex personal concept with many influencing factors. Cognitive behaviour therapy has a unique role in realising and overcoming negative core beliefs and feelings of low self\u2010worth. The offence types concurred with previously noted patterns of offending within the intellectually disabled forensic population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2011.01447.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,5]],"date-time":"2011-07-05T08:40:04Z","timestamp":1309855204000},"page":"317-325","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The prevalence of low self\u2010esteem in an intellectually disabled forensic population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2005.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2002.00432.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.00053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders","author":"Beck A. T.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"Cognitive Therapy: Basics and Beyond","author":"Beck J. S.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","volume-title":"A Secure Base: Clinical Applications of Attachment Therory","author":"Bowlby J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018776522497"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"Community Living(2007)Valuing People ClipArt collection. Available at:http:\/\/www.communityliving.org.uk(retrieved 28 March 2007). Pictures now available at:http:\/\/www.changepeople.co.uk"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"CorbettA.(1996)The role of attachment in working with people with learning disabilities who commit sexual offences.NAPSAC Bulletin 15 March 1996 pp. 14\u201316."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.1999.043005372.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.413"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Progress without Punishment: Effective Approaches for Learners with Behaviour Problems","author":"Donnellan A. M.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465800015368"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466600164372"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01650250143000562"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-8525.1977.tb01424.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"15","volume-title":"The Handbook of Forensic Learning Disabilities","author":"Johnston S.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","volume-title":"Learning Disabilities: The Fundamental Facts","author":"Mental Health Foundation","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002580249203200408"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Way of Being","author":"Rogers C. R.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2002.tb02765.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2095720"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3148.1993.tb00054.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","unstructured":"University of Maryland(n.d.)The Rosenberg Self\u2010Esteem Scale.Department of Sociology University of Maryland. Available at:http:\/\/www.bsos.umd.edu\/socy\/grad\/socpsy_rosenberg.html(Retrieved 6 April 2006)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009626828789"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","volume-title":"The Principle of Normalisation in Human Services","author":"Wolfensberger W.","year":"1972"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intellectual Disability Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2788.2011.01447.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2011.01447.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T09:51:12Z","timestamp":1695635472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2011.01447.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,5]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2011.01447.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2011.01447.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-2633","1365-2788"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-2633","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2788","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-07-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}