{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T21:18:55Z","timestamp":1793481535794,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,12]],"date-time":"2011-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1323648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    The Behavior Problems Inventory\u201001 (BPI\u201001) is an informant\u2010based behaviour rating instrument that was designed to assess maladaptive behaviours in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). Its items fall into one of three sub\u2010scales:\n                    <jats:italic>Self\u2010injurious Behavior<\/jats:italic>\n                    (14 items),\n                    <jats:italic>Stereotyped Behavior<\/jats:italic>\n                    (24 items), and\n                    <jats:italic>Aggressive\/Destructive Behavior<\/jats:italic>\n                    (11 items). Each item is rated on a frequency scale (0\u2003=\u2003never to 4\u2003=\u2003hourly), and a severity scale (0\u2003=\u2003no problem to 3\u2003=\u2003severe problem). The BPI\u201001 has been successfully used in several studies and has shown acceptable to very good psychometric properties. One concern raised by some investigators was the large number of items on the BPI\u201001, whichhas reduced its user friendliness for certain applications. Furthermore, researchers and clinicians were often uncertain how to interpret their BPI\u201001 data without norms or a frame of reference.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    The Behavior Problems Inventory\u2010Short Form (BPI\u2010S) was empirically developed, based on an aggregated archival data set of BPI\u201001 data from individuals with ID from nine locations in the USA, Wales, England, the Netherlands, and Romania (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2003=\u20031122). The BPI\u2010S uses the same rating system and the same three sub\u2010scales as the BPI\u201001, but has fewer items:\n                    <jats:italic>Self\u2010injurious Behavior<\/jats:italic>\n                    (8 items),\n                    <jats:italic>Stereotyped Behavior<\/jats:italic>\n                    (12 items), and\n                    <jats:italic>Aggressive\/Destructive Behavior<\/jats:italic>\n                    (10 items). Rating anchors for the severity scales of the\n                    <jats:italic>Self\u2010injurious Behavior<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the\n                    <jats:italic>Aggressive\/Destructive Behavior<\/jats:italic>\n                    sub\u2010scales were added in an effort to enhance the objectivity of the ratings.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    The sensitivity of the BPI\u2010S compared with the BPI\u201001 was high (0.92 to 0.99), and so were the correlations between the analogous BPI\u201001 and the BPI\u2010S sub\u2010scales (0.96 to 0.99). Means and standard deviations were generated for both BPI versions in a Sex\u2010by\u2010age matrix, and in a Sex\u2010by\u2010ID Level matrix. Combined sex ranges are also provided by age and level of ID.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    In summary, the BPI\u2010S is a very useful alternative to the BPI\u201001, especially for research and evaluation purposes involving groups of individuals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2011.01507.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,12]],"date-time":"2011-12-12T03:21:26Z","timestamp":1323660086000},"page":"527-545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["The Behavior Problems Inventory\u2010Short Form for individuals with intellectual disabilities: Part I: development and provisional clinical reference data"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Rojahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. 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