{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T15:58:25Z","timestamp":1777478305339,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,24]],"date-time":"2012-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1348444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Step ascent and descent can perturb stability increasing the incidence of falls, especially in older individuals with functional limitations and intellectual disabilities, such as those with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>own syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>). The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanics and motor coordination of step ascent and descent in adults with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> and compare them with a group of healthy individuals, considering movement kinematics and kinetics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen adults with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> and 12 similarly aged adults without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> who were free of known motor problems were quantitatively assessed during ascending and descending a step using an optoelectronic system (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BTS SMART<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>), force platforms and video recording. Kinematic and kinetic parameters were identified and calculated for each study participant and comparisons were made between the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> and a control group (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CG<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite similar age ranges, subjects in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> group performed the step ascent and descent movements slower, with longer duration and with a more accentuated range of motion of the trunk and of the ankle joint than those in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CG<\/jats:styled-content>. Additionally, the double stance phase on the step was substantially longer in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> group when represented as a percentage of the entire stepping sequence (ascent, double stance on the step and descent). In terms of kinetics, ground force platform data revealed that the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> subjects showed higher instability in the medio\u2010lateral direction during double support phase than similarly aged <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CG<\/jats:styled-content> subjects and cannot be attributed to age\u2010associated changes in stability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings help to elucidate the complex biomechanical strategy of people with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> during a step ascent and descent movement task and may have a major role in the multidimensional evaluation and tailored management for them.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2012.01627.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,24]],"date-time":"2012-09-24T07:54:34Z","timestamp":1348473274000},"page":"1143-1151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Quantitative 3<scp>D<\/scp> evaluation of step ascent and descent in individuals with <scp>D<\/scp>own syndrome \u2013 analysis of a daily challenging task"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Galli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering Department Politecnico di Milano  Milano Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS \u2018San Raffaele Pisana\u2019 San Raffaele SpA  Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Cimolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering Department Politecnico di Milano  Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Ferrario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities  Staten Island New York USA"},{"name":"SUNY Downstate Medical Center  Brooklyn New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Patti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities  Staten Island New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Heaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities  Staten Island New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Freedland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities  Staten Island New York USA"},{"name":"SUNY Downstate Medical Center  Brooklyn New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Albertini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS \u2018San Raffaele Pisana\u2019 San Raffaele SpA  Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. T.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities  Staten Island New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"256","article-title":"Organization of a simple two joint synergy in individuals with Down syndrome","volume":"101","author":"Aruin A. S.","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal on Mental Retardation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2389.2003.51265.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-7-28"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2001)106<0470:AOAKDW>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00135124-200401000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2011.01104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2011.563820"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthres.2003.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9457(91)90046-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1982.10735273"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","first-page":"2046","article-title":"Tai Chi: improving functional balance and predicting subsequent falls in older persons","volume":"36","author":"Fuzhong L. I.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280701610353"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638281003734367"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/83.12.1072"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2008.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"Birth prevalence of Down syndrome in Singapore from 1993 to 1998","volume":"43","author":"Lai F. M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Singapore Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2006.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2005.tb01143.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345521"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.11.202"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22072"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","first-page":"345","article-title":"Gait of children with Down syndrome","volume":"61","author":"Parker A. W.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","first-page":"847","article-title":"Isokinetic arm and leg strength of adults with Down syndrome: a comparative study","volume":"73","author":"Pitetti K. H.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(01)00162-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12987-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2008.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1836-9553(10)70024-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0791-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/65.9.1315","article-title":"Dynamics of postural control in the child with Down syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Shumway\u2010Cook A.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2008.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.11.1259"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-004-1971-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1743-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.80.3.1211"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.00299"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intellectual Disability Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2788.2012.01627.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2012.01627.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T10:45:09Z","timestamp":1696243509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2012.01627.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,24]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2012.01627.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2012.01627.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-2633","1365-2788"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-2633","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2788","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-08-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-09-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}