{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:27:20Z","timestamp":1793644040076,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,24]],"date-time":"2012-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1348444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Presence of an autism spectrum disorder is a risk factor for development of self\u2010injurious behaviour (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIB<\/jats:styled-content>) exhibited by individuals with developmental disorders. The most salient <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIB<\/jats:styled-content> risk factors historically studied within developmental disorders are level of intellectual disability, communication deficits and presence of specific genetic disorders. Recent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIB<\/jats:styled-content> research has expanded the search for risk factors to include less commonly studied variables for people with developmental disorders: negative affect, hyperactivity and impulsivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A heterogeneous sample of 617 individuals with autism spectrum disorder diagnoses was derived from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ational <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>atabase of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>utism <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>esearch. Latent constructs were estimated from items of the community version of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>berrant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>ehaviour <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hecklist. Structural equation modelling was used to assess whether impulsivity, hyperactivity, negative affect, severity of stereotypy, intellectual functioning or severity of autism symptoms predicted severity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIB<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Impulsivity (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.46), followed by intellectual functioning (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.39), and stereotypy (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.23) were the variables most highly predictive of increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIB<\/jats:styled-content>; impulsivity and stereotypy remained significant predictors of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIB<\/jats:styled-content> after severity of autism symptoms and intelligence quotient (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content>) were controlled for.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>High levels of impulsivity and stereotypy were significant predictors of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIB<\/jats:styled-content> in a large and diverse sample of people with confirmed autism diagnoses. Future research is needed on the effects of reducing impulsivity and stereotypy on the outcomes of treatment, early intervention and attempts to prevent the development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIB<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2012.01628.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,24]],"date-time":"2012-09-24T07:54:41Z","timestamp":1348473281000},"page":"429-439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Predictors of self\u2010injurious behaviour exhibited by individuals with autism spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"D. M.","family":"Richman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Burkhart Center for Autism Education and Research Texas Tech University  Lubbock TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Barnard\u2010Brak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burkhart Center for Autism Education and Research Texas Tech University  Lubbock TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burkhart Center for Autism Education and Research Texas Tech University  Lubbock TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burkhart Center for Autism Education and Research Texas Tech University  Lubbock TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Grubb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burkhart Center for Autism Education and Research Texas Tech University  Lubbock TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Abby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burkhart Center for Autism Education and Research Texas Tech University  Lubbock TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.112.4.545"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"485","article-title":"The aberrant behaviour checklist: a behaviour rating scale of treatment effects","volume":"89","author":"Aman M. G.","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Journal of Mental Deficiency"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"492","article-title":"Psychometric characteristics of the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist","volume":"89","author":"Aman M. G.","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Journal of Mental Deficiency"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e318222355d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2010.01337.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2003.00507.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.121.1.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01538054"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2001)106<0539:EDOSAS>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005596502855"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0327-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Structural Equation Modelling with MPlus: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming","author":"Byrne B. M.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2003)108<0032:UMRAMI>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2008.01060.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-4222(00)00062-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0803_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-008-0674-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"Emergence and maintenance of stereotypy and self\u2010injury","volume":"96","author":"Guess D.","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal on Mental Retardation"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.2003.36-147"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2005.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.85.3.437","article-title":"Children with self\u2010injurious behaviour","volume":"85","author":"Hyman S. L.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0270-4684(82)90003-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02248.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-005-5035-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005592401947"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2003.00517.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2011.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01048240"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882-007-9078-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","first-page":"327","article-title":"Evaluating models for the emergence and maintenance of stereotypy and self\u2010injury","volume":"96","author":"Mulick J. A.","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal on Mental Retardation"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.1999.00183.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2008.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","volume-title":"Mplus User's Guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n L. K.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","unstructured":"National Database for Autism Research (NDAR)(2011)National Database for Autism Research Portal. Available at:http:\/\/www.ndar.nih.gov(retrieved 8 December 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.1997.04545.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2009.01179.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The associations between repetitive, self\u2010injurious, and aggressive behaviour in children with severe intellectual disability","volume":"37","author":"Oliver C.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2012.01537.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2005)110[439:LAOSPA]2.0.CO;2"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness\u2010of\u2010fit measures","volume":"8","author":"Schermelleh\u2010Engel K.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Methods of Psychological Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10457-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10188"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Recent Developments in Structural Equation Modelling: Theory and Applications","author":"Stoel R. D.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2002.1198"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(66)90024-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00502"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011000006286345"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12094","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,23]],"date-time":"2013-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379894400000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Intellectual Disability Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2788.2012.01628.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2012.01628.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T01:46:19Z","timestamp":1698630379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2012.01628.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,24]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2012.01628.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2012.01628.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-2633","1365-2788"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-2633","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2788","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-08-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-09-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}