{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T22:23:04Z","timestamp":1776378184418,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,16]],"date-time":"2005-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1108512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Internal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract.\u2002<\/jats:bold>Klein HG (The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Pathogen inactivation technology: cleansing the blood supply (Review).<jats:italic>J Intern Med<\/jats:italic>2005;<jats:bold>257<\/jats:bold>: 224\u2013237.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The calculated residual infectious risk of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) from blood transfusion is extremely low. However, the risk of bacterial contamination remains and a variety of other agents including emerging viruses, protozoa and tick\u2010borne agents threaten blood supplies and undermine public confidence in blood safety. Traditional methods of donor screening and testing have limited ability to further reduce disease transmission and cannot prevent an emerging infectious agent from entering the blood supply. Pathogen inactivation technologies have all but eliminated the infectious risks of plasma\u2010derived protein fractions, but as yet no technique has proved sufficiently safe and effective for traditional blood components. Half\u2010way technologies can reduce the risk of pathogen transmission from fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate. Traditional methods of mechanical removal such as washing and filtration have limited success in reducing the risk of cell\u2010associated agents, but methods aimed at sterilizing blood have either proved toxic to the cells or to the recipients of blood components. Several promising methods that target pathogen nucleic acid have recently entered clinical testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2005.01451.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,16]],"date-time":"2005-02-16T22:40:17Z","timestamp":1108593617000},"page":"224-237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Pathogen inactivation technology: cleansing the blood supply"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"257","author":[{"given":"H. G.","family":"KLEIN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_21_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1423-0410.1999.7720067.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.2.238"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00174.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tracli.2004.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2001.41081069.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00438.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_8_2","first-page":"121","article-title":"Improving platelet safety: bacterial contamination of platelets","volume":"3","author":"Brecher ME","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Hematol Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00062752-200311000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030969"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1423-0410.2001.00023.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_12_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Challenges in global blood safety","volume":"40","author":"Dhingra N","year":"2004","journal-title":"World Hosp Health Serv"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3148.2001.00310.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890410307"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890300111"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V66.2.367.367"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198502213120805"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_18_2","first-page":"279","article-title":"HIV\u20101 infection incidence among persons with hemophilia in the United States and western Europe, 1978\u20131990. Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study","volume":"7","author":"Kroner BL","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1999.39111160.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BA20010082"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)90560-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-1-113"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1992.32292180141.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92393-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830390315"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830350220"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91101-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1998.38198141508.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.2.450"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1999.39111227.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04360.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2516.2003.00701.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0042-9007.2004.00515.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/tmrv.2002.29405"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00483.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V86.9.3598.bloodjournal8693598"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/150.3.334"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-116-1-55"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V75.10.1920.1920"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09291-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2004.00639.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00380.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-0502(01)00116-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1246-7820(01)00117-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_45_2","first-page":"495","article-title":"Pathogen reduction technology: methods, status of clinical trials, and future prospects","volume":"2","author":"Corash L.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Hematol Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00020.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1423-0410.2002.00234.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2004.00532.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00464.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2004.03207.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2004.00647.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00294.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00021.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_21_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2000.tb00065.x","article-title":"The use of riboflavin for the inactivation of pathogens in blood products","volume":"78","author":"Goodrich RP.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_55_2","first-page":"37s","article-title":"Photoinactivation of virus in packed red cell units using riboflavin and visible light","volume":"40","author":"McAteer M","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2004.03275.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_57_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"Photochemical inactivation of viruses with psoralens: an overview","volume":"18","author":"Hanson CV.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Blood Cells"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_58_2","first-page":"57","article-title":"Use of 8\u2010methoxypsoralen and long wavelength ultraviolet radiation for decontamination of platelet concentrates","volume":"18","author":"Corash L","year":"1992","journal-title":"Blood Cells"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_59_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"Factors influencing virus inactivation and retention of platelet properties following treatment with aminomethyltrimethylpsoralen and ultraviolet A light","volume":"18","author":"Moroff G","year":"1992","journal-title":"Blood Cells"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.12.5552"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0037-1963(01)90118-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/096032701718120319"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1423-0410.2000.7940206.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2004.04125.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_65_2","first-page":"60a","article-title":"Photochemical inactivation of hepatitis B (HBV and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses in human plasma as assessed in a chimpanzee infectivity model","volume":"96","author":"Corten L","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-12-4443"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0042-9007.2004.00419.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2004.tb00043.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2002)0750561BAOCES2.0.CO2"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2004.03355.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_71_2","volume-title":"Code of Federal Regulations. Vitamin B","author":"FDA","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2004.tb00137.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2004.00548.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00220.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_75_2","first-page":"63s","article-title":"Preparation of cryoprecipitate from photochemically treated fresh frozen plasma","volume":"40","author":"Mintz PD","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198308000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1995.35495216075.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199002013220507"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-960X(95)90016-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00212.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_21_81_2","first-page":"292b","article-title":"S\u201059\/UVA treated human T\u2010cells with precisely controlled genomic addition frequencies retain immunological functions and yet are inhibited in proliferation","volume":"92","author":"Hearst JE","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2796.2005.01451.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2005.01451.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T10:45:47Z","timestamp":1734950747000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2005.01451.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,16]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2005.01451.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2005.01451.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6820","1365-2796"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6820","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2796","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,16]]}}}