{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T10:33:15Z","timestamp":1772620395429,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,23]],"date-time":"2012-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1332460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Internal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract.\u2002<\/jats:bold> Howell A, Astley S, Warwick J, Stavrinos P, Sahin S, Ingham S, McBurney H, Eckersley B, Harvie M, Wilson M, Beetles U, Warren R, Hufton A, Sergeant J, Newman W, Buchan I, Cuzick J, Evans DG (Genesis Prevention Centre and Nightingale Breast Screening Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester; School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester; Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London; School of Community Based Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester; Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester and Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester; and Cambridge Breast Unit, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge; UK). Prevention of breast cancer in the context of a national breast screening programme (Review). <jats:italic>J Intern Med<\/jats:italic> 2012; <jats:bold>271<\/jats:bold>: 321\u2013330.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Breast cancer is not only increasing in the West but also particularly rapidly in Eastern countries where traditionally the incidence has been low. The rise in incidence is mainly related to changes in reproductive patterns and lifestyle. These trends could potentially be reversed by defining women at greatest risk and offering appropriate preventive measures. A model for this approach was the establishment of Family History Clinics (FHCs), which have resulted in improved survival in younger women at high risk. New predictive models of risk that include reproductive and lifestyle factors, mammographic density and measurement of risk\u2010associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may give more precise information concerning risk and enable better targeting for mammographic screening programmes and of preventive measures. Endocrine prevention using anti\u2010oestrogens and aromatase inhibitors is effective, and observational studies suggest lifestyle modification may also be effective. However, referral to FHCs is opportunistic and predominantly includes younger women. A better approach for identifying older women at risk may be to use national breast screening programmes. Here were described pilot studies to assess whether the routine assessment of breast cancer risk is feasible within a population\u2010based screening programme, whether the feedback and advice on risk\u2010reducing interventions would be welcomed and taken up, and to consider whether the screening interval should be modified according to breast cancer risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2012.02525.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,31]],"date-time":"2012-01-31T16:06:31Z","timestamp":1328025991000},"page":"321-330","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Prevention of breast cancer in the context of a national breast screening programme"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"271","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Howell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Astley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Warwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Stavrinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"McBurney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Eckersley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Harvie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Beetles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hufton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Sergeant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Buchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Cuzick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. G.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_2","volume-title":"Cancer Research UK 2006","author":"CR\u2010UK, CancerStats Incidence \u2013 UK","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.55.2.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj012"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/418650"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550170037029","article-title":"Dual effects of weight and weight gain on breast cancer risk","volume":"17","author":"Huang Z","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2010.07.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-10858-7_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6922.183"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(96)00082-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/301670"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2003.017996"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604305"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr2576"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2009.067850"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/81.24.1879"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1668"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2006.01.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1237"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70263-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.22.7991"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2007.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.18.1541"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/86.8.600"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.40.11.807"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-005-9027-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj463"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djm224"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djq088"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-008-0070-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0034"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djp018"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj331"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-5-200803040-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj332"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2064"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2075"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.318"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.586"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0329","article-title":"Genome\u2010based prediction of breast cancer risk in the general population: a modeling study based on meta\u2010analyses of genetic associations","volume":"20","author":"van Zitteren M","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djn180"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djp130"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-010-1215-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djq388"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.610"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-1022"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa0708739"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr2797"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60636-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/ERC-06-0045"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70030-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12342-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0076"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1103507"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737140.8.9.1377"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji372"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djh319"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062462"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djk049"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.33.0258"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr079"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-04-0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.2.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01464.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-011-9730-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.6.629"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr138"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2411051092"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr2423"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-1150"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.13.1081"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_73_2","first-page":"325","article-title":"Mammographic screening in women with a family history of breast cancer: some results from the Swedish two\u2010county trial","volume":"48","author":"Nixon RM","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Epid\u00e9m et Sant\u00e9 Publ"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/93.5.358"}],"container-title":["Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2796.2012.02525.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2012.02525.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T19:34:45Z","timestamp":1698694485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2012.02525.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,23]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2012.02525.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2012.02525.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-6820","1365-2796"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-6820","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2796","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,23]]}}}