{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:56:03Z","timestamp":1787014563309,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,20]],"date-time":"2012-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1345420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Intern Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is currently widespread exposure to the toxic metal cadmium through the diet as well as through smoking, and it has been suggested that cadmium exposure may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Here we examined whether cadmium exposure is associated with prevalence and growth of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and subjects<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The analyses were performed in a screening\u2010based cohort of 64\u2010year\u2010old Caucasian women with stratified, random selection to groups with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes (\n                      <jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\n                      <jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      599). We measured cadmium concentrations in blood and urine at baseline. In addition, we performed ultrasound examination to determine the prevalence and area of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries and assessed smoking history and other cardiovascular risk factors at baseline and at a follow\u2010up examination after a mean of 5.4\u00a0years.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At baseline, blood cadmium levels were associated with increased risk of plaque and a large plaque area after adjustment for confounders. In women who had never smoked, blood cadmium levels correlated positively with plaque area at baseline. The occurrence of large plaques and the change in plaque area at follow\u2010up were associated with blood and creatinine\u2010corrected urinary cadmium concentrations at baseline after adjustment for confounders. Blood and urine cadmium levels added information to established cardiovascular risk factors in predicting progress of atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We have shown that cadmium levels in blood and urine are independent factors associated with the development of atherosclerotic plaques at baseline as well as prospectively. This novel observation emphasizes the need to consider cadmium as a pro\u2010atherogenic pollutant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2012.02578.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,12]],"date-time":"2013-04-12T09:45:28Z","timestamp":1365759928000},"page":"601-610","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Cadmium exposure is accompanied by increased prevalence and future growth of atherosclerotic plaques in 64\u2010year\u2010old women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"272","author":[{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Fagerberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Wallenberg Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"Bergstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Wallenberg Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Bor\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Wallenberg Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Barregard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital University of Gothenburg 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