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Previously, when investigating the effect of IUGR on the central somatotrophic axis, a hypothalamic effect was discovered with elevated somatostatin and decreased neuropeptide Y mRNA expression levels, whereas serum GH and insulin\u2010like growth factor I (IGFI) were unaltered. These findings were thought to indicate a hypothalamic alteration of the GH axis due to IUGR, probably to compensate pituitary output, thereby normalising peripheral values of GH and IGFI. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of IUGR on the pituitary GH axis in this rat model. Pups from rats that underwent bilateral uterine artery ligation at day 17 of pregnancy were studied. Pituitary glands were collected from 1\u2010year\u2010old offspring for quantitative measurements of GH, GH\u2010receptor (GH\u2010R), GH\u2010releasing hormone receptor (GHRH\u2010R), somatostatin receptor subtype 2 and 5, IGFI and IGFI receptor mRNA levels using a real\u2010time reverse transcriptase\u2010polymerase chain reaction. In addition, liver GH\u2010R and IGFI mRNA expression levels were measured and a radioimmunoassay was performed to determine serum IGFI levels. In the IUGR rat, levels of pituitary GH, GH\u2010R and GHRH\u2010R relative gene expression (RGE) were increased. No differences were found in the RGE level of all other pituitary growth factors, liver GH\u2010R and IGFI, and serum IGFI concentration between IUGR and control rats. The present data show that intrauterine growth failure leads to changes in the pituitary that might counterbalance the effects found previously in the hypothalamus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2006.01451.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,6]],"date-time":"2006-06-06T16:03:17Z","timestamp":1149609797000},"page":"611-620","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pituitary mRNA Expression of the Growth Hormone Axis in the 1\u2010Year\u2010Old Intrauterine Growth Restricted Rat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Prins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Fodor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. 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