{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T19:18:42Z","timestamp":1790018322790,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,9]],"date-time":"2006-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1160352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sequential actions of 17\u03b2\u2010oestradiol (E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and progesterone (P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) mediate sexual behaviour of female rodents. In the presence of appropriate environmental stimuli, E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> can facilitate initiation of sex behaviour (i.e. lordosis), in part through classic actions at intracellular progestin receptors in the VMH. However, the effects of P<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> in the VTA to modulate lordosis involve its metabolite, 5\u03b1\u2010pregnan\u20103\u03b1\u2010ol\u201020\u2010one (3\u03b1,5\u03b1\u2010THP), which can have paracrine effects in the brain to reduce anxiety and stress. We investigated the effects of 3\u03b1,5\u03b1\u2010THP infusions to the VTA, and a control site, the substantia nigra (SN), on exploratory, anti\u2010anxiety, social and sexual behaviours (socio\u2010sexual behaviours) and hormone levels in the midbrain and other regions (hippocampus, diencephalon and cortex) that may mediate these functions. Ovariectomised, rats were E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010primed (10\u2003\u00b5g, s.c.) at 0\u2003h and were infused with \u03b2\u2010cyclodextrin vehicle or 3\u03b1,5\u03b1\u2010THP to the VTA or SN 44\u201348\u2003h later. Ten minutes after infusions, rats were tested in the open field, plus maze, partner preference, social interaction and paced mating tasks, or served as nontested controls. Infusions of 3\u03b1,5\u03b1\u2010THP to the VTA, but not the SN, increased central entries in the open field, open arm time in the plus maze, time spent in proximity to a male, duration of social interaction, incidence and intensity of lordosis, pacing, proceptivity, and anti\u2010conflict behaviour. 3\u03b1,5\u03b1\u2010THP, but not vehicle, infusions to the VTA (but not the SN) also increased 3\u03b1,5\u03b1\u2010THP levels in the midbrain, as well as the hippocampus, diencephalon and cortex. Behavioural testing increased levels of the precursor of 3\u03b1,5\u03b1\u2010THP precursor, dihydroprogesterone (DHP). Thus, infusions of 3\u03b1,5\u03b1\u2010THP to the VTA enhance socio\u2010sexual behaviours and increase 3\u03b1,5\u03b1\u2010THP levels in the hippocampus, diencephalon and cortex, and behavioural testing increases DHP levels in brain areas involved in modulating socio\u2010sexual behaviours.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2006.01494.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,9]],"date-time":"2006-10-09T14:13:50Z","timestamp":1160403230000},"page":"960-975","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Infusions of 5\u03b1\u2010Pregnan\u20103\u03b1\u2010Ol\u201020\u2010One (3\u03b1,5\u03b1\u2010THP) to the Ventral Tegmental Area, but not the Substantia Nigra, Enhance Exploratory, Anti\u2010Anxiety, Social and Sexual Behaviours and Concomitantly Increase 3\u03b1,5\u03b1\u2010THP Concentrations in the Hippocampus, Diencephalon and Cortex of Ovariectomised Oestrogen\u2010Primed Rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"C. 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