{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:02:20Z","timestamp":1790917340241,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,2]],"date-time":"2006-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pineal serotonin\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetyltransferase (arylalkylamine\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetyltransferase; AANAT) is considered the key enzyme in the generation of circulating melatonin rhythms; the rate of melatonin production is determined by AANAT activity. In all the examined species, AANAT activity is regulated at the post\u2010translational level and, to a variable degree, also at the transcriptional level. Here, the transcriptional regulation of pineal <jats:italic>aanat<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>aanat2<\/jats:italic>) of the gilthead seabream (<jats:italic>Sparus aurata<\/jats:italic>) was investigated. Real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction quantification of <jats:italic>aanat2<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels in the pineal gland collected throughout the 24\u2010h cycle revealed a rhythmic expression pattern. In cultured pineal glands, the amplitude was reduced, but the daily rhythmic expression pattern was maintained under constant illumination, indicating a circadian clock\u2010controlled regulation of seabream <jats:italic>aanat2<\/jats:italic>. DNA constructs were prepared in which green fluorescent protein was driven by the <jats:italic>aanat2<\/jats:italic> promoters of seabream and Northern pike. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> transient expression analyses in zebrafish embryos indicated that these promoters contain the necessary elements to drive enhanced expression in the pineal gland. In the light\u2010entrainable clock\u2010containing PAC\u20102 zebrafish cell line, a stably transfected seabream <jats:italic>aanat2<\/jats:italic> promoter\u2010luciferase DNA construct exhibited a clock\u2010controlled circadian rhythm of luciferase activity, characteristic for an E\u2010box\u2010driven expression. In NIH\u20103T3 cells, the seabream <jats:italic>aanat2<\/jats:italic> promoter was activated by a synergistic action of BMAL\/CLOCK and orthodenticle homeobox 5 (OTX5). Promoter sequence analyses revealed the presence of the photoreceptor conserved element and an extended E\u2010box (i.e. the binding sites for BMAL\/CLOCK and OTX5 that have been previously associated with pineal\u2010specific and rhythmic gene expression). These results suggest that seabream <jats:italic>aanat2<\/jats:italic> is a clock\u2010controlled gene that is regulated by conserved mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2006.01501.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,2]],"date-time":"2006-11-02T12:17:25Z","timestamp":1162469845000},"page":"46-53","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Transcriptional Regulation of Arylalkylamine\u2010<i>N<\/i>\u2010Acetyltransferase\u20102 Gene in the Pineal Gland of the Gilthead Seabream"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Zilberman\u2010Peled","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Appelbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Vallone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. 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