{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T17:00:20Z","timestamp":1759683620832,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 2\u2010buten\u20104\u2010olide (2\u2010B4O), an endogenous sugar acid, on the hypothalamo\u2010adenohypophysial system were examined in Lewis rats that were normal and in adjuvant\u2010induced arthritic (AA) rats. In comparison with vehicle\u2010treated rats, the plasma corticosterone and c\u2010<jats:italic>fos<\/jats:italic>mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of normal rats increased significantly after i.p. administration of 2\u2010B4O. Dual immunostaining revealed that almost all corticotrophin\u2010releasing factor (CRF)\u2010immunopositive neurones in the parvocellular division of the PVN exhibited Fos\u2010like immunoreactivity (LI) 120\u2003min after i.p. administration of 2\u2010B4O (100\u2003mg\/kg). In the AA rats, repeated i.p. administration of 2\u2010B4O (100\u2003mg\/kg) after immunisation significantly suppressed the expression of clinical symptoms and significantly increased plasma concentrations of corticosterone. Further, repeated i.p. administration of 2\u2010B4O significantly increased CRF mRNA levels in the PVN and pro\u2010opiomelanocortin mRNA levels in the anterior pituitary; however, they did not change arginine vasopressin mRNA levels in the parvocellular division of the PVN. These results suggest that i.p. administration of 2\u2010B4O activates the hypothalamo\u2010pituitary\u2010adrenal (HPA) axis via the activation of CRF neurones in the PVN, and the activation of the HPA axis by i.p. administration of 2\u2010B4O may be associated with the inhibition of AA in rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2006.01503.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T14:48:48Z","timestamp":1162392528000},"page":"54-65","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of the Short Chain Sugar Acid 2\u2010Buten\u20104\u2010Olide on the Hypothalamo\u2010Pituitary\u2010Adrenal Axis in Normal and Adjuvant\u2010Induced Arthritic 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