{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:00:56Z","timestamp":1790222456782,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,27]],"date-time":"2007-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Day length (photoperiod) is a powerful synchroniser of seasonal changes in the reproductive neuroendocrine activity in temperate\u2010zone birds. When exposed to light during the photoinducible phase, reproductive neuroendocrine responses occur. However, the neuroendocrine systems involved in avian reproduction are poorly understood. We investigated the effect of light exposure at different circadian times upon the hypothalamus and components of the circadian system, using <jats:italic>c\u2010fos<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression, measured by <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> hybridisation, as an indicator of light\u2010induced neuronal activity. Levels of <jats:italic>c\u2010fos<\/jats:italic> mRNA in these areas were compared after turkey hens (on a daily 6\u2010h light period) had been exposed to a 30\u2010min period of light occurring at 8, 14, or 20\u2003h after the onset of first light of the day (subjective dawn). Non\u2010photostimulated control birds were harvested at the same times. In birds, photostimulated within the photoinducibile phase (14\u2003h), in contrast to before or after, <jats:italic>c\u2010fos<\/jats:italic> mRNA was significantly increased in the <jats:italic>nucleus commissurae pallii<\/jats:italic> (nCPa), <jats:italic>nucleus premamillaris<\/jats:italic> (PMM), <jats:italic>eminentia mediana<\/jats:italic> (ME), and <jats:italic>organum vasculosum lamina terminalis<\/jats:italic> (OVLT). Photostimulation increased <jats:italic>c\u2010fos<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression in the pineal gland, <jats:italic>nucleus suprachiasmaticus, pars visualis<\/jats:italic> (vSCN) and <jats:italic>nucleus inferioris hypothalami<\/jats:italic> compared to that of their corresponding nonphotostimulated controls. However, the magnitudes of the responses in these areas were similar irrespective of where in the dark period the pulses occurred. No <jats:italic>c\u2010fos<\/jats:italic> mRNA was induced in the <jats:italic>nucleus infundibulari<\/jats:italic>, in response to the 30\u2010min light period at any of the circadian times tested. The lack of <jats:italic>c\u2010fos<\/jats:italic> up\u2010regulation in the pineal gland and vSCN following photostimulation during the photoinducible phase lends credence to the hypothesis that these areas are not involved in the photic initiation of avian reproduction. On the other hand, <jats:italic>c\u2010fos<\/jats:italic> mRNA increases in the nCPa, ME, and OVLT support other studies showing that these areas are involved in the onset of reproductive behaviour initiated by long day lengths. The present study provides novel data showing that the PMM in the caudal hypothalamus is involved in the neuronally mediated, light\u2010induced initiation of reproductive activity in the turkey hen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2007.01544.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,27]],"date-time":"2007-03-27T11:20:12Z","timestamp":1174994412000},"page":"407-417","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Rhythm\u2010Dependent Light Induction of the <i>c\u2010fos<\/i> Gene in the Turkey Hypothalamus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Thayananuphat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. W.","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Bakken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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