{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:34:56Z","timestamp":1792654496538,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]],"date-time":"2011-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1311724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Oral Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Summary\u2002<\/jats:bold> Recent studies have shown that infraorbital nerve constriction (IoNC)\u2010induced mechanical allodynia has been attenuated by administration of highly purified 150\u2010kDa Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT\/A). Here, we extend these studies to determine whether BoNT\/A could attenuate IoNC\u2010induced symptoms of thermal hyperalgesia. Instead of testing head withdrawal thresholds, a thermal operant assay was used to evaluate cortical processing of sensory input following IoNC. In this assay, a fasted rat\u2019s desire to obtain a food reward (sweetened condensed milk) is coupled to its ability to tolerate facial contact with a warm (45\u2003\u00b0C) thermode. Bilateral IoNC decreased the ratio of thermode contact duration\/event, which is an indicative of thermal hyperalgesia. BoNT\/A injection intradermally in the area of infraorbital nerve (IoN) innervation 7\u2003days after IoNC resulted in decreased number of facial contacts and increased the ratio of contact duration\/event (measured at 14\u2003days after IoNC). The BoNT\/A (2\u2013200\u2003pg) effects were dose dependent and statistically significant at 100 and 200\u2003pg (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030\u00b705). Complete reversal of thermal hyperalgesia symptoms was obtained with a 200\u2010pg dose, without affecting sham rat behaviour. Off\u2010site (neck) injection of BoNT\/A did not relieve thermal hyperalgesia, while co\u2010injection of BoNT\/A with a neutralising antibody in the area of IoN innervation prevented relief of thermal hyperalgesia. Neither IoNC nor BoNT\/A injection affected operant assay parameters with a 24\u2003\u00b0C thermode, indicating selectivity of thermal hyperalgesia measurements. These results strongly suggest that intradermal injection of BoNT\/A in the area of IoN innervation alleviates IoNC\u2010induced thermal hyperalgesia in an operant assay.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2011.02236.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]],"date-time":"2011-07-27T11:34:11Z","timestamp":1311766451000},"page":"63-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Intradermal injection of Botulinum toxin type A alleviates infraorbital nerve constriction\u2010induced thermal hyperalgesia in an operant assay"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"KUMADA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"MATSUKA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"SPIGELMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"MARUHAMA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"YAMAMOTO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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