{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:32:54Z","timestamp":1791354774272,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,26]],"date-time":"2004-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1085529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>A disordered neuromotor control of pharynx muscles may play a role in the genesis of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). This raises the possibility of a dysfunction of projections descending from the cortex to segmental nuclei. With single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) we studied the physiology of the corticospinal projection to hand muscles in seven OSAS patients. At first, we compared them with nine age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched normal controls in the wake state. The only abnormality was a lengthening of the central silent period (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.001). This supports a steady imbalance of motor cortical interneurone activities towards a state of enhanced inhibition. Then we looked at changes of the motor\u2010evoked potential (MEP) size and latency, according to whether patients were awake, or in a non\u2010rapid eye movement (REM) 2 sleep stage, or during a typical apnoea. During non\u2010REM 2 sleep, the average MEP amplitude was significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05) smaller than in the awake state. The MEP latency was, in turn, significantly longer (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). During apnoeas, the MEP size decreased, and the latency increased further (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05), indicating an extra depression of the cortico\u2010motoneuronal activity. All TMS changes were detected outside the pharyngeal district, suggesting a widespread dysfunction of the cortico\u2010motoneuronal system in the OSAS, which is more evident during apnoeas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00391.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,26]],"date-time":"2004-05-26T13:28:51Z","timestamp":1085578131000},"page":"159-163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Cortico\u2010motoneurone excitability in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Carlo","family":"Civardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Naldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Cantello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200208000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200208000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(01)00158-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.10.1951"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"160","article-title":"Transcranial motor stimulation of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"47","author":"Cegla U. H.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pneumologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7506-9002-7.50021-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4694(98)00035-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.71.6.809"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1408-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2106005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000038762.11894.DA"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1196-1217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.109.4.916"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(99)00106-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/19.10.827"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.95.2.279"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.2.369"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Intracortical inhibitory mechanism in normal human sleep","volume":"56","author":"Khatami R.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1966.sp007903"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.2002.0265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(01)00599-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Handbook of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","author":"Reid A.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Recommendations for the Practice of Clinical Neurophysiology","author":"Rothwell J. C.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-980X(98)00022-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.2.8756795"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"S76","article-title":"The utility of topographic EEG mapping in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Walsleben J. A.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.3.1177"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.50.7.797"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2869.2004.00391.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00391.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T03:06:09Z","timestamp":1696993569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00391.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,26]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00391.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00391.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1105","1365-2869"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1105","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2869","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,26]]}}}