{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:49:13Z","timestamp":1790430553525,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cataplexy is usually seen as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep atonia occurring at an inopportune moment. REM sleep atonia is the result of postsynaptic inhibition, i.e. inhibition of alpha motor neurones. Although this may explain the suppression of H\u2010reflexes during REM sleep, cataplexy and laughter, it is not the only explanation. Presynaptic inhibition, in which afferent impulses are prevented from reaching motor neurones, is an alternative. Testing H\u2010reflexes and magnetic\u2010evoked potentials (MEPs) helps to tell them apart: in postsynaptic inhibition MEPs and H\u2010reflexes change in tandem, while H\u2010reflexes may decrease independent of MEPs with other inhibition modes. We studied motor inhibition during laughter, the strongest trigger for cataplexy. H\u2010reflexes were evoked every 2\u2003s in the soleus muscle in 10 healthy subjects watching comical video fragments. MEPs were evoked when H\u2010reflexes decreased during laughter, and, as a control, when subjects did not laugh. Pairs of MEPs and the immediately preceding H\u2010reflexes were studied. Compared with the control condition, laughter caused mean MEP area to increase by 60% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.006) and mean H\u2010reflex amplitude to decrease by 33% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.008). This pattern proves that postsynaptic inhibition cannot have been the sole influence. The findings do not prove which mechanisms are involved; one possibility is that the decrease in H\u2010reflex amplitude was the result of presynaptic inhibition, and that cortical and\/or spinal facilitation accounted for increased MEPs. Regardless, the pattern differs fundamentally from the reported mechanism of REM sleep atonia. Existing scanty data on cataplexy suggest a pattern of H\u2010reflexes and MEPs similar to that during laughter, but this needs further study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00411.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T11:00:10Z","timestamp":1094036410000},"page":"257-264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Corticospinal excitability during laughter: implications for cataplexy and the comparison with REM sleep atonia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sebastiaan","family":"Overeem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Reijntjes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesseline","family":"Huyser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gert","family":"Jan Lammers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Gert van Dijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199907)22:7<857::AID-MUS7>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Validation of a cataplexy questionnaire in 983 sleep\u2010disorders patients","volume":"22","author":"Anic\u2010Labat S.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2000.01368.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(00)00279-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/9.1.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/12.4.374","article-title":"H\u2010reflex suppression and autonomic activation during lucid REM sleep: a case study","volume":"12","author":"Brylowski A.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(98)00083-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1995.73.6.2608"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02837-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.54.2.140"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1981.46.5.1076","article-title":"Membrane resistance and rheobase of hindlimb motoneurons during wakefulness and sleep","volume":"46","author":"Glenn L. 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