{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T08:39:48Z","timestamp":1792831188737,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]],"date-time":"2005-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1109635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autonomic dysfunction has been regarded as a possible cause of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and it has been suggested that preterm infants, who are at a greater risk of SIDS than term infants, may have immature autonomic control. Our aim was to compare the maturation of cardiac autonomic control during sleep in preterm and term infants by examining heart rate responses to arousing and non\u2010arousing trigeminal stimuli. Preterm infants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200315) and term infants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200324) were studied longitudinally with daytime polysomnography. Air\u2010jet stimulation of the nares was delivered in both active sleep (AS) and quiet sleep (QS), and heart rate (HR) changes recorded for both arousal and non\u2010arousal responses. Changes in HR (\u0394HR%) were calculated as the relative differences between baseline HR (BHR) and either MaxHR (arousal) or MinHR (non\u2010arousal). Comparisons of HR changes between sleep states and postnatal ages were made with two\u2010way <jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc> for repeated measures and between groups with two\u2010way <jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc>. The increase in HR (\u0394HR%) was greater in term than preterm infants (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05), but only at 2\u20133\u2003weeks corrected postnatal age (CPA). In preterm infants, there were no differences in BHR between sleep states, whereas in term infants, BHR was higher in AS than in QS at 2\u20133\u2003weeks and 2\u20133\u2003months of age. The smaller \u0394HR% to arousing stimuli in preterm infants compared with term infants at 2\u20133\u2003weeks suggests that cardiac sympathetic activity in preterm infants may be lower than in term infants. This mechanism may account for the increased risk for SIDS of preterm infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00434.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]],"date-time":"2005-03-01T08:56:43Z","timestamp":1109667403000},"page":"29-36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Comparison of postnatal development of heart rate responses to trigeminal stimulation in sleeping preterm and term infants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"RITA","family":"TULADHAR","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RICHARD","family":"HARDING","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"MICHAEL ADAMSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ROSEMARY S. 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