{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T01:03:59Z","timestamp":1793754239241,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,16]],"date-time":"2006-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1147737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brain imaging studies demonstrate that sleep deprivation reduces glucose metabolism and blood flow in the prefrontal cortex, and such reductions are associated with impairments in cognitive functioning. Although some of the greatest metabolic declines occur within the orbitofrontal cortex, little is known about the effects of sleep loss on the types of processes mediated by this region, including emotion, motivation, feeding, and olfaction. The present study tested odor identification accuracy when individuals were well rested and again following 24\u2003h of wakefulness. Relative to rested baseline performance, sleep\u2010deprived individuals demonstrated a significant decline in the ability to identify specific odors on the Smell Identification Test. This decrement in olfactory functioning occurred concomitantly with slowed psychomotor speed and increased ratings of self\u2010reported sleepiness. Performance on a task that required complex mental set shifting did not change significantly following sleep deprivation, suggesting that the decrements in odor identification could not be attributed to task difficulty. Finally, while there was no relationship between subjective sleepiness and odor identification at rested baseline, greater subjective sleepiness was associated with better odor identification ability following 24\u2003h of sleep loss. Possible implications of these findings are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2006.00502.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,16]],"date-time":"2006-05-16T11:58:32Z","timestamp":1147780712000},"page":"111-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Odor identification accuracy declines following 24\u2003h of sleep deprivation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"WILLIAM D. S.","family":"KILLGORE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SHARON A.","family":"McBRIDE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(93)90132-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/scnp.2001.22927"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5304.1293"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.3.295"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/08989290260045765"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.3.328"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199912000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1996.75.4.1673"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","volume-title":"Color Trails Test: Professional Manual","author":"D'Elia L. F.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","volume-title":"Descartes\u2019 Error: Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain","author":"Damasio A. R.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1996.0125"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"The Smell Identification Test Administration Manual","author":"Doty R. L.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(84)90269-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/10.3.297"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03210709"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/20.6.645"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"445","article-title":"Increasing task difficulty facilitates the cerebral compensatory response to total sleep deprivation","volume":"27","author":"Drummond S. P.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(02)00185-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/CBI-200025989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/clin.17.2.226.16501"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1062872"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.1998.00104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.1999.2827"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-898X.6.3.236"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/23.8.1f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02966"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00801.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/11.6.528"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195134971.003.0034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1994.78.1.215"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2002-4202","article-title":"Assessing olfactory abilities with the University of Pennsylvania smell identification test: a Rasch scaling approach","volume":"4","author":"Lange R.","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01817-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","volume-title":"Neuropsychological Assessment","author":"Lezak M. D.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/22.5.593"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2002000600002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(84)90027-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2005.00442.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-21-07931.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2000000500006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.1031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198002000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198524410.003.0009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.17.9406"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1997.00550140038010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(91)90021-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00300-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450290158250"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","volume-title":"A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary","author":"Spreen O.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(98)00021-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0929"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(98)00141-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.12.M756"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2000.00225.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1472928803000207"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.1008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)01196-5"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sleep Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2869.2006.00502.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2006.00502.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T21:37:28Z","timestamp":1695850648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2006.00502.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,16]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2006.00502.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2006.00502.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-1105","1365-2869"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-1105","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2869","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,16]]}}}