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We sought to establish the neuropsychological profile of 16 newly diagnosed apneics and to highlight both their morphological and functional brain abnormalities. We used an extensive neuropsychological test battery to investigate attention and vigilance, executive functions, episodic memory and motor domains. For brain imaging, we used the optimized voxel\u2010based morphometry procedure for the MRI data, resting\u2010state <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010fluoro\u20102\u2010deoxy\u2010D\u2010Glucose positron emission tomography (<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>FDG\u2010PET) with correction for partial volume effects (PVEs) and voxel\u2010based analyses. In terms of neurobehavioral performance, our patients displayed objective daytime somnolence but little impairment in memory and motor domains. Cerebral data revealed gray matter loss in the frontal and temporo\u2013parieto\u2013occipital cortices, the thalamus, hippocampal region, some basal ganglia and cerebellar regions, mainly in the right hemisphere. The decrease in brain metabolism was also right\u2010lateralized, but more restricted than the gray matter density changes, and involved the precuneus, the middle and posterior cingulate gyrus, and the parieto\u2013occipital cortex, as well as the prefrontal cortex. To conclude, despite the presence of only minor memory and motor impairments, our patients displayed significant cerebral changes in terms of both gray matter density and metabolic levels, and may have benefited from cognitive reserve and compensatory mechanisms. Thus, cerebral changes in OSA patients may precede the onset of notable neuropsychological consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2008.00705.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,24]],"date-time":"2009-02-24T18:06:24Z","timestamp":1235498784000},"page":"36-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":197,"title":["A combined neuropsychological and brain imaging study of obstructive sleep apnea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"KHALID","family":"YAOUHI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FRAN\u00c7OISE","family":"BERTRAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PATRICE","family":"CLOCHON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FLORENCE","family":"M\u00c9ZENGE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PIERRE","family":"DENISE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JEAN","family":"FORET","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FRANCIS","family":"EUSTACHE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00c9ATRICE","family":"DESGRANGES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2004014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00436.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-007-0133-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(90)90107-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617704105134"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/15.2.173","article-title":"EEG arousals: scoring rules and examples: a preliminary report from the Sleep Disorders Atlas Task Force of the American Sleep Disorders Association","volume":"15","author":"American Sleep Disorders Association\u2010Atlas Task Force","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)8:4<226::AID-HBM6>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0961"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0848"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01688639108405110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcp.0000183059.52924.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2002.00289.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.3.298"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00436-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1440.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"207","article-title":"Evocation lexicale formelle et s\u00e9mantique chez des sujets normaux: performances et dynamiques de production en fonction du sexe, de l\u2019\u00e2ge et du niveau d\u2019\u00e9tude","volume":"90","author":"Cardebat D.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. 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