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This study examined electroencephalogram (EEG) activity and performance during a 96\u2010hour laboratory protocol where participants slept a baseline night (8\u2003h), were randomly assigned to 3\u2010, 5\u2010, or 8\u2010hour sleep groups for the next two nights sleep restriction (SR1, SR2), and then slept a recovery night (8\u2003h). There were dose\u2010dependent deficits on measures of mood, sleepiness, and reaction time that were apparent during this short\u2010term bout of sleep restriction. The ratio of alpha to theta EEG recorded at rest indicated dose\u2010dependent changes in CNS arousal. At 9:00\u2003hours, both the 3\u2010 and 5\u2010hour groups showed EEG slowing (sleepiness) during restriction, with the 3\u2010hour group exhibiting greater deficits. Later in the day at 13:00\u2003hours, the 5\u2010hour group no longer exhibited EEG slowing, but the extent of slowing was more widespread across the scalp for the 3\u2010hour group. High\u2010frequency EEG, a measure of effort, was greater on the mornings following sleep restriction. The 5\u2010hour group had increased beta EEG at central\u2010parietal sites following both nights of restriction, whereas the 3\u2010hour group had increased beta and gamma EEG at occipital regions following the first night only. Short\u2010term sleep restriction leads to deficits in performance as well as EEG slowing that correspond to the amount and duration of sleep loss. High\u2010frequency EEG may be a marker of effort or compensation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2008.00733.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,22]],"date-time":"2009-06-22T13:42:51Z","timestamp":1245678171000},"page":"291-303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["CNS arousal and neurobehavioral performance in a short\u2010term sleep restriction paradigm"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"KIMBERLY A.","family":"COTE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CATHERINE E.","family":"MILNER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BRIAN A.","family":"SMITH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ADAM J.","family":"AUBIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TAMARA A.","family":"GREASON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BRIELLE P.","family":"CUTHBERT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"STEPHANIE","family":"WIEBE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SHANNON E. 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