{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:20:40Z","timestamp":1762100440009,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,15]],"date-time":"2005-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Pharm &amp; Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of bethanechol (BeCh) on contractility patterns of smooth muscle preparations of equine duodenum descendens, jejunum, caecum and pelvic flexure<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Concentration\u2013response relationships were developed for BeCh using<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>assays with and without preincubation of muscarinic (M) receptor antagonists for M<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and M<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>receptors. BeCh induced a significant, concentration\u2010dependent increase in contractile response in equine intestine in specimens with circular orientation. The maximal effect was largest for jejunal specimens with no difference in EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>within the different locations investigated. The M<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>antagonist, AF\u2010DX 116, caused a rightward shift of the concentration\u2013response curve and the M<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>antagonist, 4\u2010DAMP (1,1\u2010dimethyl\u20104\u2010diphenylacetoxypiperidinium iodide), almost completely inhibited the effect of BeCh over the entire concentration\u2013response curve. These data provide evidence that, although the effect of BeCh is predominantly mediated by M<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>receptors, M<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>muscarinic receptors also play a role in BeCh\u2010induced contraction in specimens of equine intestine. The involvement of other muscarinic receptor subtypes cannot be excluded. Further studies are necessary to understand the effect of BeCh<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>including diseased animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2005.00693.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,15]],"date-time":"2005-11-15T13:34:10Z","timestamp":1132061650000},"page":"565-574","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i>effects of bethanechol on equine gastrointestinal contractility and functional characterization of involved muscarinic receptor subtypes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"MARTI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"MEVISSEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"ALTHAUS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"STEINER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30652-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1994.205.12.1748","article-title":"Evaluation of factors associated with postoperative ileus in horses: 31 cases (1990\u20131992)","volume":"205","author":"Blikslager A.T.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medicine Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(97)00056-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(93)90027-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01362-0","article-title":"International Union of Pharmacology. 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