{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T23:21:08Z","timestamp":1770506468611,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,10]],"date-time":"2005-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Summary.\u2002<\/jats:bold> To describe the clinical and immunologic patterns of disease expression of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and positive antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA). We investigated the presence of AMA in 237 consecutive HCV patients with extrahepatic manifestations from an International Registry. AMA were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in triple rat tissue (liver, stomach and kidney), aceton\u2010fixed criosections and FITC\u2010conjugated rabbit anti\u2010human immunoglobulins. We found positive AMA in 18 (8%) out of 237 HCV patients. All patients were female with a mean age at protocol inclusion of 65.8\u2003years (ranging from 37 to 87\u2003years). Twelve (67%) patients fulfilled classification criteria for systemic autoimmune diseases (SAD), including Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003= 7), systemic sclerosis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20033) and systemic lupus erythematosus (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20032). Fourteen (78%) of the HCV\u2010AMA patients presented at least one of the highly suggestive characteristics of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC): 9 (50%) had a specific M2 pattern, 6 (33%) had more than twice normal levels of alkaline phosphatase, 5 (28%) had raised IgM levels and 4 (22%) a histological pattern compatible with PBC. Five (28%) patients developed neoplasia after detection of AMA. Seven (39%) patients died, due to neoplasia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20034), cirrhotic complications (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20032) and hepatopulmonary syndrome (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20031). We describe a subset of HCV patients with positive AMA who presented a broad spectrum of clinical features, including liver, autoimmune and neoplasic manifestations. Two\u2010thirds of these patients presented an associated SAD, mainly Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome or systemic sclerosis, together with a high frequency of multiple autoantibodies and an increased prevalence of cirrhosis and neoplasia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2005.00642.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,17]],"date-time":"2005-10-17T14:47:36Z","timestamp":1129560456000},"page":"648-654","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Antimitochondrial antibodies in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: description of 18 cases and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Ramos\u2010Casals","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Pares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.\u2010J.","family":"Jara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Solans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Vi\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.\u2010M.","family":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Tapias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Rod\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Font","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the HISPAMEC Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2523562"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-8-199510150-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200101000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"979","article-title":"Hepatitis C infection presenting with rheumatic manifestations: a mimic of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"23","author":"Lovy MR","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200012)43:12<2801::AID-ANR21>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200001000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0270-9139(93)92219-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","first-page":"819","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of anti\u2010tissue antibodies in chronic hepatitis caused by hepatitis C virus","volume":"18","author":"Richardet JP","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1996.tb00722.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840210302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","first-page":"417","article-title":"A comparison of the prevalence of autoantibodies in individuals with chronic hepatitis C and those with autoimmune hepatitis: the role of interferon in the development of autoimmune diseases","volume":"44","author":"Bayraktar Y","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.3.423"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780360309"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400928"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","first-page":"581.90","article-title":"Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). 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