{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T04:13:29Z","timestamp":1790396009514,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,20]],"date-time":"2006-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Summary.\u2002<\/jats:bold> Hepatitis C virus (HCV) readily sets up persistence after acute infection. Cellular immune responses are thought to play a major role in control of the virus. Failure of CD4+ T\u2010cell responses in acute disease is associated with viral persistence but the dynamics of this are poorly understood. We aimed to assess such responses using a novel set of Class II tetrameric complexes (tetramers) to study helper T\u2010cells <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> in acute disease. We analysed the HCV\u2010specific CD4+ T\u2010cell response in a patient with acute hepatitis c infection. We were able to track the virus\u2010specific CD4+ T\u2010cells directly <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic> with HLA DR4 tetramers. Proliferative responses were absent initially, recovered as viral load dropped and were lost again during relapse. Longitudinal tetramer analyses showed expanded populations of antiviral CD4+ T\u2010cells throughout acute infection despite lack of proliferation. A pattern of transient CD4+ T\u2010cell proliferative responses as HCV is partially controlled is observed. Failure to control virus is associated with emergence of \u2018dysfunctional\u2019 CD4+ T\u2010cell populations. Failure to control HCV in acute disease may relate to the capacity to sustain efficient immune responses as virus attempts to \u2018bounce back\u2019 after partial control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2006.00747.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,20]],"date-time":"2006-07-20T07:41:43Z","timestamp":1153381303000},"page":"708-714","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Transient immunological control during acute hepatitis C virus infection: <i>ex vivo<\/i> analysis of helper T\u2010cell responses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Ulsenheimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. 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