{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:04:04Z","timestamp":1792674244393,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,9]],"date-time":"2007-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1197158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Summary.\u2002<\/jats:bold> Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in antiviral immunity. Conflicting data on DC function have been reported for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In addition to antigen presentation and cytokine secretion, a subset of human DCs displays direct cytotoxic activity. It has been suggested that measles virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may enhance cytotoxicity of DCs potentially leading to apoptosis of activated T cells and subsequent down\u2010regulation of antiviral immune responses. We demonstrate that CD1c\u2010positive myeloid DCs, but not BDCA\u20104\u2010positive plasmacytoid DCs, are able to kill different target cells mainly via tumour necrosis factor\u2010related apoptosis\u2010inducing ligand. The ability of CD1c+ DCs to lyze target cells was found to be completely impaired in patients with chronic hepatitis C (10 chronic HCV patients <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 10 healthy controls; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.001) but not in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Successful antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C rescued the cytotoxicity of DCs. Myeloid DCs of HCV patients and healthy controls had a similar phenotype and endocytotic activity, however, the frequency of mDCs in the peripheral blood was lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.004) and the allostimulatory function was weaker (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.001) in chronic hepatitis C. Thus, in contrast to HIV and measles virus studies on monocyte\u2010derived DCs, freshly isolated myeloid DCs of patients with hepatitis C do not show an increased but a completely abolished cytotoxic activity. The impaired DC cytotoxicity could represent a novel mechanism for the increased prevalence of autoimmunity in HCV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2007.00930.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,4]],"date-time":"2010-08-04T13:09:14Z","timestamp":1280927354000},"page":"200-211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Impaired TRAIL\u2010dependent cytotoxicity of CD1c\u2010positive dendritic cells in chronic hepatitis C virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Ciesek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Liermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hadem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Greten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. 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