{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:10:37Z","timestamp":1791231037637,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,10]],"date-time":"2008-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1215648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Summary.\u2002<\/jats:bold> The diagnosis of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is not straightforward; few people exhibit clinical symptoms and genome\/antigen detection techniques do not indicate when infection had occurred. Here, a strategy to detect HCV RNA in the absence of antibody (\u2018window\u2010period\u2019) for diagnosis of acute infection is assessed. The sentinel surveillance of hepatitis testing study was used to retrospectively identify anti\u2010HCV negative samples from high\u2010risk individuals (2002\u20132003), for testing singly for HCV RNA. Additional samples were identified prospectively (2005) and tested in pools for HCV RNA. Positive samples were genotyped. Incidence and costs of adopting the pooling strategy were estimated. In the retrospective study, 8\/390 (2.1%) samples were confirmed HCV RNA positive, anti\u2010HCV negative. Prospectively, 3237 samples were tested in 325 pools. Five positive pools identified four confirmed HCV RNA positive patients (one false positive). Estimated incidence was 12.9 per 100 person\u2010years in injecting drug users (IDUs) (retrospective study) and 3.7 per 100 person\u2010years among drug\/alcohol services and prison attendees (prospective study). Estimated costs were \u00a3850 per positive sample, in areas of higher risk. The yield from a window\u2010period strategy depends upon the population tested. Pooled HCV RNA testing of anti\u2010HCV negative samples from the current IDUs is realistic and relatively inexpensive to identify recently infected individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2008.01009.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,10]],"date-time":"2008-07-10T07:03:49Z","timestamp":1215673429000},"page":"871-877","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Diagnosis of acute hepatitis C virus infection and estimated incidence in low\u2010 and high\u2010risk English populations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"L. J.","family":"Brant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. E.","family":"Ramsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Balogun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Boxall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hurrelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Kaluba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Klapper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. C.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Parry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. L.","family":"Irving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06102-5"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.02.007","article-title":"Peginterferon alfa\u20102b plus ribavirin for treatment of chronic hepatitis C in previously untreated patients infected with HCV genotypes 2 or 3","volume":"40","author":"Zeuzem S","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-5-200403020-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011232"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.01.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21197"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.3.669"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840360725"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520310002526"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38286.841227.7C"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01543.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000135170.54913.9d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806007035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01229-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806006832"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2008.01000.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","volume-title":"Investigation of Hepatitis C infection","author":"Health Protection Agency","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199906)58:2<127::AID-JMV5>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.1999.01224.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/428583"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1246-7820(01)00125-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2004.00517.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","volume-title":"Good practice guidelines for Renal Dialysis\/Transplantation Units","author":"Department of Health","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","author":"Health Protection Agency, Health Protection Scotland, National Public Health Service for Wales, CDSC Northern Ireland, CRDHB","year":"2007","journal-title":"Shooting Up: Infections among injecting drug users in the United Kingdom 2006: an update, October 2007"}],"container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2893.2008.01009.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2008.01009.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T02:53:09Z","timestamp":1696992789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2008.01009.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2008.01009.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2008.01009.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-0504","1365-2893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-0504","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]]}}}