{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T01:20:27Z","timestamp":1789780827950,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,8]],"date-time":"2010-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Summary.\u2002<\/jats:bold> The reason(s) that hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection may progress infrequently to acute liver failure are poorly understood. We examined host and viral factors in 29 consecutive adult patients with HAV\u2010associated acute liver failure enrolled at 10 sites participating in the US ALF Study Group. Eighteen of twenty\u2010four acute liver failure sera were PCR positive while six had no detectable virus. HAV genotype was determined using phylogenetic analysis and the full\u2010length genome sequences of the HAV from a cute liver failure sera were compared to those from self\u2010limited acute HAV cases selected from the CDC database. We found that rates of nucleotide substitution did not vary significantly between the liver failure and non\u2010liver failure cases and there was no significant variation in amino acid sequences between the two groups. Four of 18 HAV isolates were sub\u2010genotype IB, acquired from the same study site over a 3.5\u2010year period. Sub\u2010genotype IB was found more frequently among acute liver failure cases compared to the non\u2010liver failure cases (chi\u2010square test, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.01). At another centre, a mother and her son presented with HAV and liver failure within 1\u2003month of each other. Predictors of spontaneous survival included detectable serum HAV RNA, while age, gender, HAV genotype and nucleotide substitutions were not associated with outcome. The more frequent appearance of rapid viral clearance and its association with poor outcomes in acute liver failure as well as the finding of familial cases imply a possible host genetic predisposition that contributes to a fulminant course. Recurrent cases of the rare sub\u2010genotype IB over several years at a single centre imply a community reservoir of infection and possible increased pathogenicity of certain infrequent viral genotypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2010.01410.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,8]],"date-time":"2010-12-08T21:55:21Z","timestamp":1291845321000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["What factors determine the severity of hepatitis A\u2010related acute liver failure?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Ajmera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Vaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Acute Liver Failure Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902253400802"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-73-6-1365"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","unstructured":"CDC Viral Hepatitis Surveillance.http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncidod\/diseases\/hepatitis\/resource\/dz_burden02.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.500050102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","first-page":"38","article-title":"The value of immunization against hepatitis A","volume":"3","author":"Lemon SM","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect Agents Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840210137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.t01-1-07223.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-200295080-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2000.00019.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.1.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50366"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/427992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00074-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91736-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.108.026195"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.30.4.446"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(96)02077-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21439"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6413.270"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","first-page":"14","article-title":"Clonal analysis of infiltrating T lymphocytes in liver tissue in viral hepatitis A","volume":"69","author":"Fleischer B","year":"1990","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200105000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.14712\/18059694.2018.48","article-title":"Two siblings with fulminant viral hepatitis A: case report","volume":"48","author":"Yalniz M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08463"}],"container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2893.2010.01410.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2893.2010.01410.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2010.01410.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2010.01410.x","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2010.01410.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T10:16:32Z","timestamp":1693822592000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2010.01410.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,8]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2010.01410.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2010.01410.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1352-0504","1365-2893"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1352-0504","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2893","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,8]]}}}