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We aimed to assess the prevalence of such hepatitis B virus (HBV) variants in a large cohort of NAs\u2010na\u00efve patients with CHB and to explore possible association with viral and host variables. Serum samples from 286 NAs\u2010na\u00efve consecutive patients with CHB were tested for serum HBV\u2010DNA, and 255 of them having HBV\u2010DNA\u2003&gt;\u20031000\u2003IU\/mL were further analysed for drug resistance mutations by INNO\u2010LiPA HBV DRv2\/v3. NAs\u2010na\u00efve patients analysed were mainly men (73%), Caucasians (85%), hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg) negative (79%) and genotype D (69%), with a mean age of 43.2\u2003\u00b1\u200313.4\u2003years. HBV mutations associated with antiviral drug resistance were detected in 13 (5%) patients: three patients infected with HBV genotype C had the rtM204V\u2003+\u2003rtL180M mutations associated with lamivudine (LMV) resistance. Four patients had the rtI233V mutation that may reduce sensitivity to adefovir, and three patients had the rtM250L\/V mutation typical of entecavir resistance. LMV compensatory mutations rtL80V and rtV173L were seen in two and one patients, respectively. No relationship was seen between presence of resistant or compensatory mutations and HBV\u2010DNA levels, HBeAg\/anti\u2010HBe status or previous IFN therapy. These results confirm that HBV mutations, which confer resistance against currently available anti\u2010HBV NAs, may already exist in patients who have never received the drug.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2011.01435.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,21]],"date-time":"2011-01-21T10:06:34Z","timestamp":1295604394000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Large\u2010scale survey of naturally occurring HBV polymerase mutations associated with anti\u2010HBV drug resistance in untreated patients with chronic hepatitis 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