{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:31:12Z","timestamp":1791268272878,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,4]],"date-time":"2012-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Viral Hepatitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genome diversity is a hallmark of hepatitis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>), which allowed its classification into 10 genotypes (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>) and numerous subgenotypes. Among them, Genotype <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> is currently segregated into eight subgenotypes (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>8). Here, we report the identification and characterization of a novel subgenotype within genotype <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content> from chronic hepatitis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> e antigen (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HB<\/jats:styled-content>e<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>g)\u2010negative patients of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>astern <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>ndia. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on complete genome sequences revealed that six of 39 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> isolates formed a distinct cluster supported by high bootstrap value and had nucleotide divergence &gt;4% relative to the known <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> subgenotypes (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>8), justifying their assignment into a new subgenotype (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>9). By comparing the amino acid sequences of the four <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ORF<\/jats:styled-content>s of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>9 with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>8, 36 specific residues, including a unique one (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic><jats:sub>112<\/jats:sub> in the core region), were identified that could be considered as a signature of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>9. Further analysis by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>implot, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>oot<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>can and jp<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMM<\/jats:styled-content> demonstrated that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>9 resulted from a discrete recombination with genotype <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> over the precore\u2013core region. This type of recombination has not been described previously as all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content> recombinants reported so far possessed genotype <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> backbones with mosaic fragments derived from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>. Interestingly, compared to other subgenotypes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> D<\/jats:styled-content>9 isolates had a higher frequency of mutations (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>1762<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>1764<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>) in the basal core promoter region that had been implicated in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Further investigations are needed to determine the overall prevalence and clinical significance of these newly characterized <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>9 strains and to assess the impact of inter\u2010genotypic recombination on viral properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2012.01655.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,5]],"date-time":"2012-09-05T04:01:25Z","timestamp":1346817685000},"page":"209-218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["New <scp>HBV<\/scp> subgenotype <scp>D<\/scp>9, a novel <scp>D<\/scp>\/<scp>C<\/scp> recombinant, identified in patients with chronic <scp>HB<\/scp>e<scp>A<\/scp>g\u2010negative infection in <scp>E<\/scp>astern <scp>I<\/scp>ndia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Liver Research School of Digestive and Liver Diseases Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Liver Research School of Digestive and Liver Diseases Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Deny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1052 Lyon University Hospices Civils de Lyon Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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