{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:22:49Z","timestamp":1782285769405,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]],"date-time":"2011-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1300320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Tsetse exhibit a U\u2010shaped age\u2013mortality curve, with high losses after eclosion and a well\u2010marked ageing process, which is particularly dramatic in males. A three\u2010parameter (\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) model for age\u2010dependent adult instantaneous mortality rates was constructed using mark\u2013recapture data for the tsetse fly\n                    <jats:italic>Glossina morsitans morsitans<\/jats:italic>\n                    Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae). Mortality changed linearly with\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    over all ages;\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    affected only losses in roughly the first week of adult life, and\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    controlled the ageing rate. Mortality pooled over age was twice as sensitive to changes in\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    as in\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Population growth rate was, however, similarly affected by these two parameters, reflecting the disproportionate effect of\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    on mortality in the oldest flies that contribute least to the growth rate. Pooled\u2010age mortality and growth rate were insensitive to changes in\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . The same model also provided good fits to data for laboratory colonies of female\n                    <jats:italic>G. m. morsitans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Glossina austeni<\/jats:italic>\n                    Newstead and should be applicable to all tsetse of both sexes. The new model for tsetse mortality should be incorporated into models of tsetse and trypanosome population dynamics; it will also inform the estimation of adult female mortality from ovarian dissection data.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2011.00953.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,17]],"date-time":"2011-03-17T21:05:30Z","timestamp":1300395930000},"page":"385-394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["A general model for mortality in adult tsetse (\n                    <i>Glossina<\/i>\n                    spp.)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"J. W.","family":"HARGROVE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"OUIFKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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