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The literature on the effectiveness of personal protection products against arthropods is mainly limited to studies of prevention of bites, rather than prevention of disease. Tungiasis was successfully controlled by application of topical repellents and scrub typhus was reduced through the use of treated clothing. Successful reduction of leishmaniasis was achieved through the use of topical repellents, treated bednets and treated clothing in individual studies. Malaria has been reduced by the use of insecticide\u2010treated bednets (ITN), certain campaigns involving topical repellents, and the combination of treated bednets and topical repellents. Although area repellents such as mosquito coils are used extensively, their ability to protect humans from vector\u2010transmitted pathogens has not been proven. Taken together, the literature indicates that personal protection measures must be used correctly to be effective. A study that showed successful control of malaria by combining treated bednets and topical repellents suggests that combinations of personal protection measures are likely to be more effective than single methods. Implementation of successful programmes based on personal protection will require a level of cooperation commonly associated with other basic societal functions, such as education and food safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2012.01020.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,25]],"date-time":"2012-05-25T06:34:20Z","timestamp":1337927660000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Insect repellents and associated personal protection for a reduction in human disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"DEBBOUN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"STRICKMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Evaluation of certain mosquito repellents marketed in India.","volume":"27","author":"Ansari M.A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Malariology"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","volume-title":"A Community\u2010Wide Repellent Trial: Evaluating the Efficacy and User\u2010Acceptance of a Low\u2010Cost Mosquito Repellent in Ghana","author":"Appawu M.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","unstructured":"Armed Forces Pest Management Board.(2009)Personal protective measures against insects and other arthropods of military significance.Technical Guide No. 36 v +54pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","first-page":"111","volume-title":"Insect Repellents: Principles, Methods, and Uses","author":"Barnard D.R.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Insect Repellents: Principles, Methods, and Uses","author":"Barnard D.R.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","unstructured":"Black S.(2003)3M rolls out repellent Ultrathon nationwide.Minneapolis\u2010St. Paul Buisness Journal 25 May 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","first-page":"868","volume-title":"Military Preventive Medicine: Mobilization and Deployment. 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