{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T07:33:18Z","timestamp":1792222398535,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,16]],"date-time":"2012-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1331856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Medical Education 2012:\n                    <jats:bold>46<\/jats:bold>\n                    : 357\u2013365\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Context\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Current debate in medical education focuses on the nature of \u2018competency\u2010based medical education\u2019 (CBME) and whether or not it should be adopted. Many medical schools claim to run \u2018competency\u2010based\u2019 curricula, but the structure of their programmes can differ radically. A review of the existing CBME literature reveals that little attention has been paid to defining the concept of competence. A straightforward examination of what is meant by the term \u2018competence\u2019 is noticeably missing from the literature, despite its impact on medical training.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    This paper aims to illustrate the varying conceptions of \u2018competence\u2019 by comparing and contrasting definitions provided in the health sciences education literature and discussing their respective impacts on medical education.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    A systematic review of recent publications in medical education journals published in English and French was conducted to extract definitions of competence or, if definitions were not explicitly stated, to derive the authors\u2019 implicit conception of competence. A sample of 14 definitions from articles in the health sciences education field was studied using thematic analysis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    There is agreement that competence is composed of knowledge, skills and other components. Although agreement about the nature of these other components is lacking, attitudes and values are suggested to be essential ingredients of competence. Furthermore, a clear divergence in conceptions of how a competent person utilises these components is apparent. One view specifies that competence involves selecting components according to specific situations, as required. A second view places greater emphasis on the synergy that results from the use of a combination of components in a given situation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    These conceptual distinctions have many implications for the way CBME is implemented. A conception of competence as the selection of components may lead to a greater emphasis, in a training setting, on the mastery of each component separately. A conception of competence as the use of a combination of components leads to greater emphasis on the synergy that results as they are deployed in clinical situations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2011.04183.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,16]],"date-time":"2012-03-16T18:25:35Z","timestamp":1331922335000},"page":"357-365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":149,"title":["Varying conceptions of competence: an analysis of how health sciences educators define competence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Dory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis\u2010Georges","family":"Ste\u2010Marie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Chaput","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Charlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andree","family":"Boucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","volume-title":"CanMEDS 2005 Framework","author":"Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/meo.v15i0.4879"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7366.693"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2010.500703"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31818c6638"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e3181d73fb6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2923.2004.01794.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009845202352"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e3180555935"},{"issue":"48","key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","first-page":"14","article-title":"Learning swerve","volume":"95","author":"Chapman P","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nurs Times"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01421599609040255"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01421590601102964"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-009-9206-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","first-page":"179","article-title":"De l\u2019analyse qualitative en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et de l\u2019analyse th\u00e9matique en particulier","volume":"15","author":"Paill\u00e9 P","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rech Qual"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","first-page":"192","volume-title":"Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches","author":"Creswell JW","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.2.226"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15328015tlm1602_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2010.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4638"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e3180555bfb"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31805559c7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2005.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2005.026237"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019514-200211010-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5922.2007.00651.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0755-4982(05)84254-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jppr2003333208"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200205000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_2","unstructured":"Oxford English Reference Dictionary. 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