{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T10:07:27Z","timestamp":1768039647147,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]],"date-time":"2012-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Medical Education 2012:\n                    <jats:bold>46<\/jats:bold>\n                    : 878\u2013886\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Context\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) scores are widely used as part of the decision\u2010making process for selecting candidates for admission to medical school. Applicants who learned English as a second language may be at a disadvantage when taking tests in their non\u2010native language. Preliminary research found significant differences between English language learners (ELLs), applicants who learned English after the age of 11\u2003years, and non\u2010ELL examinees on the Verbal Reasoning (VR) sub\u2010test of the MCAT. The purpose of this study was to determine if relationships between VR sub\u2010test scores and measures of medical school performance differed between ELL and non\u2010ELL students.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Scores on the MCAT VR sub\u2010test and student performance outcomes (grades, examination scores, and markers of distinction and difficulty) were extracted from University of California San Diego School of Medicine admissions files and the Association of American Medical Colleges database for 924 students who matriculated in 1998\u20132005 (graduation years 2002\u20132009). Regression models were fitted to determine whether MCAT VR sub\u2010test scores predicted medical school performance similarly for ELLs and non\u2010ELLs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    For several outcomes, including pre\u2010clerkship grades, academic distinction, US Medical Licensing Examination Step 2 Clinical Knowledge scores and two clerkship shelf examinations, ELL status significantly affects the ability of the VR score to predict performance. Higher correlations between VR score and medical school performance emerged for non\u2010ELL students than for ELL students for each of these outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    The MCAT VR score should be used with discretion when assessing ELL applicants for admission to medical school.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2012.04315.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]],"date-time":"2012-08-15T06:44:43Z","timestamp":1345013083000},"page":"878-886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["MCAT Verbal Reasoning score: less predictive of medical school performance for English language learners"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Babbi","family":"Winegarden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dale","family":"Glaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","volume-title":"Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing","author":"American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, National Council on Measurement in Education","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2011.tb02997.x"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","first-page":"300","article-title":"The Health Professions Admission Test (HPAT) score and leaving certificate results can independently predict academic performance in medical school: do we need both tests?","volume":"103","author":"Halpenny D","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2008.03154.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ACM.0000249878.25186.b7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e3181cece3d"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200510000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","first-page":"377","volume-title":"Handbook of Test Development","author":"Abedi J","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3992.2006.00077.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","volume-title":"Applied Multiple Regression\/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","volume-title":"Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions","author":"Aiken LS","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200303000-00016"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.160","article-title":"When small effects are impressive","volume":"112","author":"Prentice D","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","first-page":"287","volume-title":"Statistical and Methodological Myths and Urban Legends","author":"Cortina JM","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0267190501000058"}],"container-title":["Medical Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2923.2012.04315.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2012.04315.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T18:07:34Z","timestamp":1762279654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2012.04315.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2012.04315.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2012.04315.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0308-0110","1365-2923"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0308-0110","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2923","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-08-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}