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Coupled proteomic\u2010serological screen of a fully virulent wild\u2010type <jats:italic>B.\u2003anthracis<\/jats:italic> Vollum strain, confirmed that MntA is expressed both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and during infection. Expression of MntA is shown to be independent of the virulence plasmids pXO1 and pXO2. An <jats:italic>mnt<\/jats:italic>A deletion, generated by allelic replacement, results in complete loss of MntA expression and its phenotypic analysis revealed: (i) impaired growth in rich media, alleviated by manganese supplementation; (ii) increased sensitivity to oxidative stress; and (iii) delayed release from cultured macrophages. The \u0394<jats:italic>mnt<\/jats:italic>A mutant expresses the anthrax\u2010associated classical virulence factors, lethal toxin and capsule, <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> as well as <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, and yet the mutation resulted in severe attenuation; a 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\u2010fold drop in LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> in a guinea pig model. MntA expressed <jats:italic>in trans<\/jats:italic> allowed to restore, almost completely, the virulence of the \u0394<jats:italic>mnt<\/jats:italic>A <jats:italic>B.\u2003anthracis<\/jats:italic> strain. We propose that MntA is a novel <jats:italic>B.\u2003anthracis<\/jats:italic> virulence determinant essential for the development of anthrax disease, and that <jats:italic>B.\u2003anthracis<\/jats:italic>\u0394<jats:italic>mnt<\/jats:italic>A strains have the potential to serve as platform for future live attenuated vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04848.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,13]],"date-time":"2005-09-13T12:43:24Z","timestamp":1126615404000},"page":"533-551","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["The solute\u2010binding component of a putative Mn(II) ABC transporter (MntA) is a novel <i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i> virulence 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