{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T06:09:26Z","timestamp":1790921366505,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,9]],"date-time":"2006-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The polar distribution of the ActA protein on the surface of the Gram\u2010positive intracellular bacterial pathogen,\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , is required for bacterial actin\u2010based motility and successful infection. ActA spans both the bacterial membrane and the peptidoglycan cell wall. We have directly examined the\n                    <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                    ActA polarization process\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    by using an ActA\u2013RFP (red fluorescent protein) fusion. After induction of expression, ActA initially appeared at distinct sites along the sides of bacteria and was then redistributed over the entire cylindrical cell body through helical cell wall growth. The accumulation of ActA at the bacterial poles displayed slower kinetics, occurring over several bacterial generations. ActA accumulated more efficiently at younger, less inert poles, and proper polarization required an optimal balance between protein secretion and bacterial growth rates. Within infected host cells, younger generations of\n                    <jats:italic>L.\u2003monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    initiated motility more quickly than older ones, consistent with our\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    observations of\n                    <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                    ActA polarization. We propose a model in which the polarization of ActA, and possibly other Gram\u2010positive cell wall\u2010associated proteins, may be a direct consequence of the differential cell wall growth rates along the bacterium and dependent on the relative rates of protein secretion, protein degradation and bacterial growth.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05025.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,9]],"date-time":"2006-01-09T05:36:27Z","timestamp":1136784987000},"page":"1262-1279","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Mechanism of polarization of\n                    <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>\n                    surface protein ActA"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Susanne M.","family":"Rafelski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie 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