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To provide additional evidence on the role of anaerobic metabolism in bacterial pathogens while invading mammalian hosts, we analysed the effect of the inactivation of FNR, the major regulatory protein involved in the adaptation to oxygen restrictive conditions, and of two of the FNR\u2010regulated genes on the survival of <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic> serogroup B (<jats:italic>MenB<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. We found that <jats:italic>fnr<\/jats:italic> deletion resulted in more than 1 log reduction in the meningococcal capacity to proliferate both in infant rats and in mice. To identify which of the FNR\u2010regulated genes were responsible for this attenuated phenotype, we defined the FNR regulon by combining DNA microarray analysis and FNR\u2013DNA binding studies. Under oxygen\u2010restricted conditions, FNR positively controlled the transcription of nine transcriptional units, the most upregulated of which were the two operons NMB0388\u2010<jats:italic>galM<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>mapA\u2010pgm\u03b2<\/jats:italic> implicated in sugar metabolism and fermentation. When <jats:italic>galM<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>mapA<\/jats:italic> were knocked out, the mutants were attenuated by 2 and 3 logs respectively. As the operons are controlled by FNR, from these data we conclude that MenB survival in the host anatomical sites where oxygen is limiting is supported by sugar fermentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05163.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,21]],"date-time":"2006-04-21T10:40:35Z","timestamp":1145616035000},"page":"963-972","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Role of FNR and FNR\u2010regulated, sugar fermentation genes in <i>Neisseria meningitidis<\/i> infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Erika","family":"Bartolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Frigimelica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Giovinazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliano","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yazdani","family":"Shaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Genco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo Anne","family":"Welsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan 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