{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T09:14:19Z","timestamp":1717060459773},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,5]],"date-time":"2006-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1144195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p> <jats:italic>Bordetella pertussis<\/jats:italic>, the causative agent of whooping cough, produces a complex hetero\u2010oligomeric exotoxin, named pertussis toxin (PTX), which is responsible for several of the clinical manifestations associated with whooping cough. The toxin is composed of five dissimilar subunits, named S1 through S5 and arranged in a hexameric structure with a 1S1:1S2:1S3:2S4:1S5 stoichiometry. Although S2 and S3 share 70% amino acid identity, these two subunits were previously thought not to be able to substitute for each other in toxin assembly\/secretion and the biological activities of PTX. Here, we show that toxin analogues containing two S3 subunits and lacking S2 (PTX\u0394S2), or containing two S2 subunits and lacking S3 (PTX\u0394S3), can be produced, assembled and secreted by <jats:italic>B.\u2003pertussis<\/jats:italic> strains, in which the S2\u2010encoding cistron or the S3\u2010coding cistrons have been inactivated by internal in\u2010frame deletions that avoid downstream effects. In fact, PTX\u0394S3 was produced in higher amounts in the bacterial culture supernatants than natural PTX, whereas PTX\u0394S2 was produced in lower amounts than PTX. The action of the toxin analogues on the clustering of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells was also affected differentially by the S2\u2013S3 substitution. These toxin analogues constitute thus interesting probes for the study of cellular functions, in particular immune cell functions, for which natural PTX has already shown its usefulness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05165.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,5]],"date-time":"2006-04-05T13:47:19Z","timestamp":1144244839000},"page":"1241-1250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Genetic exchange of the S2 and S3 subunits in pertussis 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