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On the other hand, <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic> possesses two global transcriptional regulators, FadR (YsiA) and FapR. <jats:italic>B.\u2003subtilis<\/jats:italic> FadR represses fatty acid degradation, whereas FapR represses almost all the processes in the biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids and phospholipids. Furthermore, <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> FabT represses the genes of fatty acid biosynthesis that are clustered in its genome. Long\u2010chain acyl\u2010CoAs appear to be metabolic signals for fatty acid degradation by bacteria in general, and antagonize the FadR protein from either <jats:italic>E.\u2003coli<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>B.\u2003subtilis<\/jats:italic>. However, malonyl\u2010CoA is a metabolic signal for fatty acid and phospholipid biosynthesis by Gram\u2010positive low\u2010GC bacteria, and it antagonizes FapR. These would be the primary aspects for understanding the elaborate and complex regulation of fatty acid metabolism in bacteria to maintain membrane lipid homeostasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05947.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,5]],"date-time":"2007-10-05T03:32:47Z","timestamp":1191555167000},"page":"829-839","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":438,"title":["Regulation of fatty acid metabolism in 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