{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T05:20:55Z","timestamp":1791091255546,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,28]],"date-time":"2008-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, uses a cascade of enzymes that include cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidase (cTXNPx) for detoxification of peroxides, an event pivotal for survival of digenic parasites living in two disparate biological environments. In this study, we observed an increase in promastigote cTXNPx levels after exposure to H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and this group did not show any cell death; however, exposure to a combination of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and nitric oxide resulted in significant reduction of cTXNPx levels accompanied by high cell death. The protective relationship between higher levels of cTXNPx and survival was further substantiated by the improved ability of\n                    <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n                    promastigotes overexpressing cTXNPx to withstand exposure to H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and nitric oxide combination as compared with vector transfectants. In addition, cTXNPx transfectants demonstrated increased virulence, causing higher parasite burden in macrophages as compared with vector transfectants. Interestingly, the cTXNPx transfectants as promastigotes or amastigotes were resistant to clearance by the anti\u2010leishmanial drug antimony, suggesting a cTXNPx link to drug response. Mechanistically, cTXNPx overexpression was protective against changes in Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    homeostasis but not against mitochondrial hyperpolarization brought about by exposure to H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and nitric oxide. Therefore, this study provides a link between cTXNPx expression to survival, virulence and drug response in\n                    <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06154.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,28]],"date-time":"2008-02-28T05:41:27Z","timestamp":1204177287000},"page":"372-391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Crucial role of cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidase in\n                    <i>Leishmania donovani<\/i>\n                    survival, drug response and virulence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Jitesh P.","family":"Iyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anees","family":"Kaprakkaden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manohar L.","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandrima","family":"Shaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212990200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35025109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(93)90027-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)01088-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)01089-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14756360600920180"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Cell biology of host\u2013parasite membrane interactions in leishmaniasis","volume":"99","author":"Chang K.P.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ciba Found Symp"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(91)90210-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.114.13.2461","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide induces apoptosis\u2010like death in Leishmania donovani promastigotes","volume":"114","author":"Das M.","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M105962200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2004.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.2.278","article-title":"Stage\u2010specific activity of pentavalent antimony against Leishmania donovani axenic amastigotes. 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