{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:16:44Z","timestamp":1789996604588,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,9]],"date-time":"2008-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1215561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p> <jats:italic>Sinorhizobium meliloti<\/jats:italic> requires ExoS\/ChvI two\u2010component signalling to establish a nitrogen\u2010fixing symbiosis with legume hosts. The importance of ExoS\/ChvI signalling in microbe\u2013host interactions is underscored by the requirement of ExoS\/ChvI orthologues for virulence of the related \u03b1\u2010proteobacteria <jats:italic>Agrobacterium tumefaciens<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic>. In <jats:italic>S.\u2003meliloti,<\/jats:italic> ExoS\/ChvI is a key regulator of gene expression for exopolysaccharide synthesis, biofilm formation, motility, nutrient utilization and free\u2010living viability. Previously, we showed that the novel conserved regulator ExoR interacts genetically with both ExoS and ChvI, and localizes to the periplasm of <jats:italic>S.\u2003meliloti<\/jats:italic>. Here, we show that ExoR physically associates with ExoS and that this association is important for regulating ExoS\/ChvI signalling. We have identified point mutations in the Sel1\u2010like repeat region of ExoR that disrupt binding to ExoS and cause a dramatic increase in ExoS\/ChvI\u2010dependent gene expression. Furthermore, we have found that physical interaction with ExoS stabilizes the ExoR protein. Together, our results indicate that ExoR binds to ExoS in the periplasm of <jats:italic>S.\u2003meliloti<\/jats:italic> to inhibit ExoS\/ChvI activity, and that ExoR represents a novel periplasmic inhibitor of two\u2010component signalling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06362.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,8]],"date-time":"2008-07-08T19:49:34Z","timestamp":1215546574000},"page":"1290-1303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["The periplasmic regulator ExoR inhibits ExoS\/ChvI two\u2010component signalling in <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Esther J.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erich A.","family":"Sabio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon 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