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The 2\u2010carbon donor for both pathways is malonyl\u2010CoA, which is synthesized from acetyl\u2010CoA by Acetyl\u2010CoA carboxylase (ACC). Here, we show that <jats:italic>T. brucei<\/jats:italic> ACC shares the same enzyme architecture and moderate \u223c30% identity with yeast and human ACCs. ACC is cytoplasmic and appears to be distributed throughout the cell in numerous puncta distinct from glycosomes and other organelles. ACC is active in both bloodstream and procyclic forms. Reduction of ACC activity by RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in a stage\u2010specific phenotype. In procyclic forms, ACC RNAi resulted in 50\u201375% reduction in fatty acid elongation and a 64% reduction in growth in low\u2010lipid media. In bloodstream forms, ACC RNAi resulted in a minor 15% decrease in fatty acid elongation and no growth defect in culture, even in low\u2010lipid media. However, ACC RNAi did attenuate virulence in a mouse model of infection. Thus the requirement for ACC in <jats:italic>T. brucei<\/jats:italic> is dependent upon the growth environment in two different life cycle stages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07563.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,10]],"date-time":"2011-02-10T01:09:27Z","timestamp":1297300167000},"page":"117-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Requirement for acetyl\u2010CoA carboxylase in <i>Trypanosoma brucei<\/i> is dependent upon the growth environment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Patrick A.","family":"Vigueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly 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