{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:18:20Z","timestamp":1792671500204,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,3]],"date-time":"2011-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1299110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p> <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic> G9241 causes an anthrax\u2010like respiratory illness in humans; however, the molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis are not known. Genome sequencing identified two putative virulence plasmids proposed to provide for anthrax toxin (pBCXO1) and\/or capsule expression (pBC218). We report here that <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic> G9241 causes anthrax\u2010like disease in immune\u2010competent mice, which is dependent on each of the two virulence plasmids. pBCXO1 encodes <jats:italic>pagA1<\/jats:italic>, the homologue of anthrax protective antigen, as well as <jats:italic>hasACB<\/jats:italic>, providing for hyaluronic acid capsule formation, two traits that each contribute to disease pathogenesis. pBC218 harbours <jats:italic>bpsX\u2010H<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>B<\/jats:styled-content>. cereus<\/jats:italic> exo\u2010<jats:styled-content>p<\/jats:styled-content>oly<jats:styled-content>s<\/jats:styled-content>accharide, which produce a second capsule. During infection, <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic> G9241 elaborates both <jats:italic>hasACB<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>bpsX\u2010H<\/jats:italic> capsules, which together are essential for the establishment of anthrax\u2010like disease and the resistance of bacilli to phagocytosis. A single nucleotide deletion causes premature termination of <jats:italic>hasA<\/jats:italic> translation in <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>, which is known to escape phagocytic killing by its pXO2 encoded poly\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010\u03b3\u2010glutamic acid (PDGA) capsule. Thus, multiple different gene clusters endow pathogenic bacilli with capsular material, provide for escape from innate host immune responses and aid in establishing the pathogenesis of anthrax\u2010like disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07582.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,6]],"date-time":"2011-03-06T00:59:16Z","timestamp":1299373156000},"page":"455-470","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Two capsular polysaccharides enable <i>Bacillus cereus<\/i> G9241 to cause anthrax\u2010like disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"So\u2010Young","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan 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