{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T05:48:40Z","timestamp":1781848120086,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,23]],"date-time":"2011-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mammalian bile has potent anti\u2010microbial activity, yet bacterial pathogens of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatobiliary system nonetheless persist and replicate within bile\u2010rich environments.\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a Gram\u2010positive pathogen, encounters bile at three stages throughout its infectious cycle\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    : in the gut during initial infection, in the liver where it replicates robustly and in the gallbladder, from which it can return to the intestine and thence to the environment. The mechanisms by which\n                    <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    senses mammalian bile and counteracts its bactericidal effects are not fully understood. In this report, we have determined the\n                    <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    bile\u2010induced transcriptome, finding that many critical virulence factors are regulated by bile. Among these, the multidrug efflux pumps MdrM and MdrT, previously shown to be critical for the bacterial provocation of a pathogenesis\u2010promoting host innate immune response, are robustly and specifically induced by the bile component cholic acid. This induction is mediated by BrtA, the first identified\n                    <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    sensor of bile, which loses the ability to bind to and repress the\n                    <jats:italic>mdrT<\/jats:italic>\n                    promoter in the presence of cholic acid. We show that MdrT can export cholic acid, and that\n                    <jats:italic>\u0394mdrT<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteria are significantly attenuated both\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    when exposed to cholic acid or bile, and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the gallbladders and livers of infected mice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07683.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,4]],"date-time":"2011-05-04T06:15:36Z","timestamp":1304489736000},"page":"129-142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["The novel\n                    <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>\n                    bile sensor BrtA controls expression of the cholic acid efflux pump MdrT"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Quillin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kierstyn T.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jess H.","family":"Leber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040976"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.12.6005-6012.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2003.tb11494.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsre.2004.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.2.894-904.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2004.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.139.6.2005","article-title":"Adoptive transfer of immunity to Listeria monocytogenes. 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